2016-04-15 ---------- # Copyright (C) 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2014, 2016 Werner Baumann # Copying and distribution of this file, with or without modification, are # permitted in any medium without royalty. DAVFS2 X.X.X README =================== 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 WHAT DAVFS2 IS INTENDED FOR 1.2 WHAT DAVFS2 IS NOT INTENDED FOR 2 SECURITY CONSIDERATIONS 3 MOUNTING 4 TLS / SSL 5 CACHE 6 TROUBLE SHOOTING 7 KNOWN ISSUES 8 CONTACT 1 INTRODUCTION ============== davfs2 is a Linux file system driver that allows you to mount a WebDAV resource into your Unix file system tree. So - and that is what makes davfs2 different - applications can use it without knowing about WebDAV. You may edit WebDAV resources using standard applications that interact with the file system as usual. davfs2 supports SSL and proxy, HTTP authentication (basic and digest) and client certificates. 1.1 WHAT DAVFS2 IS INTENDED FOR ------------------------------- - If you have documents you want to access from different locations, store them on a WebDAV server accessible via Internet. Mount them with davfs2 from wherever you want. - Use a WebDAV server as workspace for a geographically distributed work group. - A web site may be made accessible to the developers via WebDAV. So they can mount with davfs2 and edit in place. 1.2 WHAT DAVFS2 IS NOT INTENDED FOR ----------------------------------- davfs2 is not intended as a replacement for distributed file systems like nfs, coda, cifs and similar. When davfs2 mounts a resource, it authenticates with the server using the user-name and password it got from the mounting user. All requests to the server are done on behalf of this WebDAV user. davfs2 does not handle different WebDAV users within one mount. But this would be required for a distributed file system. davfs2 is not a generic WebDAV client. davfs2 maps a WebDAV resource to a file system. But as the file system interface and the WebDAV protocol are quite different, this is not possible without losses. As a file system davfs2 cannot use all the possibilities of WebDAV, and most WebDAV servers do not provide all the information a file system usually requires. A specialised application with built-in WebDAV capabilities should be able to make better use of the WebDAV protocol. Whether it really does, depends on the implementation. But if a free WebDAV enabled application is available, you might try it first. davfs2 can't (always) replace lodal disk space. Due to the nature of WebDAV davfs2 can't directly redirect reading and writing to the WebDAV server. davfs2 always needs local copies of all open files. So if you have not enough sidk space to hold these local copies, davfs2 will not help. 2 SECURITY CONSIDERATIONS ========================= To allow non-root users mounting of WebDAV resources, mount.davfs is run setuid root. To prevent inexperienced (or even malicious) users from introducing dangerous content into system directories or other users home directory, the administrator must have control over user mounts. - Non-root users can only mount using the normal mount program. There must also be an entry in /etc/fstab. This can only be done by root. - To mount a WebDAV resource users must be member of dav_group (default is group 'davfs2'). The administrator may use group membership to allow or disallow mounting of WebDAV resources. mount.davfs starts with effective user-id 'root' to be able to mount. After mounting it changes its id permanently to that of the mounting user. When the mounting user is root, the mount.davfs daemon will run as user 'davfs2'. 3 MOUNTING ========== davfs2 comes with three manuals: mount.davfs, umount.davfs and davfs2.conf. When a normal user mounts a davfs2 file system for the first time, there is not yet a user configuration file and a secrets file. So you will be asked for the credentials. mount.davfs will create a hidden directory .davfs2 in the users home directory, that holds configuration files, the cache and certificates. You will want to edit this files afterwards. If you update from an older version, these files already exist and davfs2 will not touch them. To allow mount.davfs installation of newer versions, you might rename davfs2.conf and secrets and merge your changes into the new versions. GUIs like Gnome and KDE provide means to mount file systems listed in fstab. But at the moment there is no means to ask the user for credentials etc. You must configure your davfs2 mounts, using davfs2.conf and secrets, to allow mounting without user interaction for this to work. davfs2 needs a network connection to mount and also to unmount cleanly. So automatic mounting at boot time and unmounting at shut down may not work reliably. By default davfs2 mounts with option '_netdev' to inform the operating system about this and allow correct handling. Whether this really works depends on the details of the start-up and shut-down process and will be different on different systems. So please test before you rely on this. 4 TLS / SSL =========== The key question when using TLS/SSL is whether you can trust in the certificate the server presents. There is no gain in security when you use strong encryption for your communication with an attacker. There are also different opinions on whether you can really trust in certificates issued by the well known certificate 'authorities'. Nevertheless davfs2 insists on verification of server certificates. There are three ways to do this: - davfs2 will use the CA-certificates of your system to verify the server certificate. The server's certificate must be valid and host-name of the server must match the subject-alt-name or the common name of the certificate. - You may store a top-level CA-certificate in the certs directory and set option trust_ca_cert in the davfs2.conf directory. This CA-certificate will be used instead of the CA-certificates provided by your system. he server's certificate must be valid and host-name of the server must match the subject-alt-name or the common name of the certificate. This is useful when the service provider uses a private CA or the server certificate is self-signed. - You may store the certificate of the server and set option trust_server_cert in the davfs2.conf file. In this case the certificate of the server must exactly match this certificate, but it does not matter whether it is valid, outdated or does not match the server's host-name. When you use option trust_ca_cert or trust_server_cert it is your responsibility to get the certificate in a reliable way and care for certificate revocation. If you can do this it is more secure then relying of well known certificate authorities (considering recent events). If a certificate can not be verified, mount.davfs will print information about the certificate and ask the user. This will only be done before mount.davfs changes into daemon mode. 5 CACHE ======= davfs2 will store a local copy of all open files in its cache. So make sure there is enough local disk space available in the cache directory. There are two reasons for caching: - The coda kernel file system expects a local copy of the file to act on. - Many applications, especially those with graphical user interfaces, think of file system calls as cheap and quick, which is not true when using a slow connection to the Internet. Some graphical interfaces for file handling even open every file in every directory they list, forcing davfs2 to download them from the server. To avoid excessive network traffic, davfs2 now saves all downloaded files in a cache directory and will hold the files, even when the file system is unmounted. When the same file system is mounted again, it will reuse this cached files. To avoid inconsistencies, davfs2 will do a conditional GET whenever a file is opened (it will ask the server if there is a newer version, and download only if there is). Many application use temporary files that will be deleted just after they have been closed. So whenever a file is newly created or changed, davfs2 will wait until it is closed and then wait another short period (configurable, default is 10 seconds) before it will upload the changed version to server. This saves a lot of unnecessary traffic, but the strategy still has to be enhanced. If there are many files to be uploaded (e.g. after copying a directory) mount.davfs may block quite some time, as it has to upload all the files. 6 TROUBLESHOOTING ================= In case davfs2 does not behave as you expect, there is some very useful free software, to search for the reason: - Use any browser, telnet and 'openssl s_client' to test whether you can connect to the server at all. - Cadaver is a WebDAV-client with an FTP-like interface. Besides the usual FTP-commands it allows you to display and manipulate WebDAV-properties, e.g. you can remove stale locks. (http://www.webdav.org/cadaver/) - You may set option 'debug most" in the davfs2.conf file. This will print a lot of debug messages in one of your log files. - Wireshark will log and analyse the traffic between davfs2 and the server. (http://www.wireshark.org/) - If you have access to the server's log files, they contain valuable information. When sending a bug report, please include - the exact version of davfs2 and the source where you got it from. - a complete description of the bug and the actions that lead to the buggy behaviour (please note: I usually do not know the acronyms of your favourite applications, operating system and server. In many cases I never used them). The exact commands you issued on the command line and the messages you got from davfs2 are necessary to understand what's going on. Please always send the original error and debug messages in full. Don't replace them by your interpretation. - if possible, output from the above mentioned tools. 7 KNOWN ISSUES ============== - If the server does not support RFC 4331 (most servers don't), davfs2 cannot calculate the free disk space on the server. But some applications (e.g. nautilus) insist on this. So davfs can't help but lie. I tried to make the numbers look funny, so you will notice they are faked. 8 CONTACT ========= davfs2 is an Free Software project hostet at http://savannah.nongnu.org/projects/davfs2 or https://savannah.nongnu.org/projects/davfs2 You can submit a bug-report or support-request at http://savannah.nongnu.org/support/?func=additem&group=davfs2 or https://savannah.nongnu.org/support/?func=additem&group=davfs2