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content/post/distros-distros-linux.md
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content/post/distros-distros-linux.md
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i actually dont know difference between distributions
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6543heute um 15:23 Uhr
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ubuntu has an old kernel <- less modern hardware support
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manjaro use the latest kernel <- the most hardware support you can get on linux
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jaqraheute um 15:23 Uhr
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okey i will try it
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thank you so much
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6543heute um 15:24 Uhr
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you can always ask me linux questions ... I tryed a lot of distros
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jaqraheute um 15:24 Uhr
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i will
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now i can ask
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it was hard to install anything i want
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if i dont find on apt it take long time to install
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6543heute um 15:25 Uhr
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I will guid you throu
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jaqraheute um 15:26 Uhr
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sometimes i cant know where should i put the files
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6543heute um 15:26 Uhr
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manjaro does not have "apt"
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jaqraheute um 15:26 Uhr
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when download binary files
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6543heute um 15:26 Uhr
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you shouldnt do this
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there is a tool caled yay
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yay is realy nice to users! I use it as warper for the main package installer too
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If you like, I can tel you a smal story about linux and distors (background infos)
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jaqraheute um 15:27 Uhr
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sure
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please
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6543heute um 15:28 Uhr
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distros exist because the "linux" as most people just call it is not just "linux"
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linux is the kernel a peace of software witch only profide the platform to runn software on it
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so it speac with hardware, load drivers, manage prosess-task, ...
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the rest is software from other open-source projects
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the GNU tools profide basic managemend and made linux in generall usable
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then there are programms witch take care of starting things ... deamons the user login ... start grafiks ...
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.
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A NORMAL USER DONT LIKE TO SEARCH FOR PROGRAMMS TO DO THIS TASKS (A OS HAS TO TAKE CARE OF)
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so there are distors witch have selected and composed this puzzle peaces for you
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jaqraheute um 15:32 Uhr
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i understand
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6543heute um 15:33 Uhr
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they have there history and grow as people do :slight_smile:
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the dai, they get "kids" and so on ... and eaven new one pop up from nowhere
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just to show the Debian-Based Distor history: https://cdn.arstechnica.net/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/2016/01/linux-distro-family-tree-e1451930922347.png
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each have there reason to exist some for more general purpuse some for edge cases or a special reason
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If you choose a linux distro in generel you only have to look at a few things luckily:
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where is it suposed to be executed?
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Server/ConsumerPC/Laptop/<special devices>
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special devices normaly have there own perfect distro for it ...
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example: raspbery pi: rasbian
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reacht destination :wink:
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if it Is a Server :
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jaqraheute um 15:38 Uhr
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i am on phone
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i will read after turn off
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customer issuesssss
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6543heute um 15:40 Uhr
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what should this server do?
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- on enterprice systems companys tend to choose betwen Suse Enterprice and ReadHead systems
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- on smal bussines and if you have (as company) a man who can manage linux well debian is also a good choise
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- single persons and so on.. tend to use UbuntuServer or Debian
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my hint: use debian but the test branch it is as stable as ubuntu without the pain of having a dependency hell each release upgrade
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ok now comes the ConsumerPC and Laptop:
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they normaly have newest hardware and should look nice - dont they?
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this is where al major linux distor have at least one food in the door
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now it depends on "how new" your hardware realy is
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in general all "big" (well known) distros should work
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so and now how should I decide ?!?
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most people start with ubuntu - I did too
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because it is considered as "easy to use and have lot of tutorials"
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leave this at the side ... if you understand more technikal tutorials there are arch based distors
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In general for PCs, look at:
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* releace cypels/modles
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* witch package manager they use
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* what colection of software they prefere
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ok ok sounds hard ...
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no
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just look at where they come from
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debian-base <- (form debian): Ubuntu, Mint-linux, Knoppix, ...
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you have "apt" and the .deb format for software
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skype delivers a .deb ... brother printers deliver drivers for linux in .deb ...
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ok and what relice cyples: ubuntu break things fast if you are not on a lts version (witch tend bo be outdated) but you run software on the newes versions (bit behind the dev edge)
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debian has older software and is more reliable
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mint well mint its like ubuntu but some have the fealing it is nicer to its users ... dont know
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.
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there is the suse-based one ..
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big companys used it in the past and it still has its meaning if you are maintaining those servers but ...
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.. nothing for most users I would say
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Readheat-Bases:
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- there is Fedora and CentOS
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Fedora is Readhead'S playground to test brand new konzepts and software
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CentOS is a free clone of the ReadHead Enterprice OS
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they have the package format RPM the I would say second wide spread format for software packages on linux
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here yum is the way to install update and deleate things
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It is worth to look at - but I would say only Fedora is for PCs CentOS is for Servers
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ok and this is it - ... no there is more :rofl:
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If you gain more and more linux knowlage you like to specify witch software should do the job ... one of the major distros with the concept "build your system yourselv" is archlinux
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arch linux does not have releases in that maner - its a "roling release model"
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the package manager pacman (not a game) install update and delete things here
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packages contain less atomic things in it ... arch linux pack software in "biger" packages
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example: on ubuntu firefox is split up in diferent packages and linkt as dependency
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so other programms can use a special part only as dependency
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why should install a downloader curl if curllib is the only part it needs? (example)
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and archlinux: make less dependencys so you wont have less dependency conflicts
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jaqraheute um 16:02 Uhr
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,huh i finally solved customer's problem
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6543heute um 16:02 Uhr
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you can now read a lot :point_up: :sweat_smile:
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and wone of the thin I realy like is the "arch user repository"
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its the same as PPA's for ubuntu/debian
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but they normaly work better and are more up to date
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jaqraheute um 16:04 Uhr
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customers will kill me someday :smile:
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6543heute um 16:06 Uhr
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Manjaro is based on archlinux and utilize this...:
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* the newest software (and so newest hardware support)
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* less dependency problems
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but preselect like ubuntu or mint so you dont have to setup all yourself
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there is a downside with this roaling release: keep it up to date!!
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you can update&upgrade a debian witch hasn't been updated since 10 years without probelms
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you can update&upgrade a ubuntu witch hasn't been updated since 2-4years without problems
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but you cant on arch-based systems
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if you do not update software in less than 3Month cycles it's likly to break your system and you have to reinstall if you dont like to dig into the system very deep
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so a pacman -Suuyy every month keeps the reinstall away :slight_smile:
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Hint use: yay (yay -Suuyy) just do the job too and also keep aur packages updated
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what is this aur?
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arch-linux(-based) only compile and deliver binarys for a smaller set of programms less than debian/ubuntu doo
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jaqraheute um 16:11 Uhr
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reading
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6543heute um 16:11 Uhr
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but there is mouch more software out there than you could package and pree compile
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so yousers can creat "scripts" witch compile and creat packages for software on the system
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DISCLAIMER: AUR packages are user produced content. Any use of the provided files is at your own risk.
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https://aur.archlinux.org/
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on ubuntu side: PPAs:
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https://askubuntu.com/questions/4983/what-are-ppas-and-how-do-i-use-them
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and there are other discros witch I like to briefly introduce:
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* alpinelinux: the idear is to keep it simple smal and clean ... and SIMPLE
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(It is used as base on a lot of docker containers, but you can runn a full system with it)
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* openWRT: all about Routers ... you dont like the tp-link access point firmware -> replace it
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* gentoo: all about optimisation and newest software
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(all software is downloaded as source code - it then is compiled optimized for the Hardware you run the system)
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:point_up: this one is a hard to manage one but you can customize EVERYTHING it's more customizable than archlinux !!!!
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* NixOS: "NixOS is a Linux distribution with a unique approach to package and configuration management. Built on top of the Nix package manager, it is completely declarative, makes upgrading systems reliable"
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(didn't look at it jet but I came akross it)
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* Android: jet another story for itself
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__
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the Distro select monolog
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jaqraheute um 16:20 Uhr
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should i upgrade all programs on manjaro?
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i do not like windows' upgrade system every week
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6543heute um 16:21 Uhr
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you should but It wont break stuff as windows doo to mouch - only if you customize too mouch
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and you decide when to update
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this is a generel thing on linux
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jaqraheute um 16:22 Uhr
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ooh i see
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thank you so much :slight_smile:
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i will install manjaro
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6543heute um 16:23 Uhr
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this is one of major linux downsides (or upsides if you like to dig into stuff): it has so many flaifours
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bad for neewbies and users who only like to use
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good for those who need pice of software that exactly fits your needs
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some manjaro hints:
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install yay
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(https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Arch_User_Repository#Installing_packages)
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Arch User Repository
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sudo pacman -S base-devel git go
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#select all
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git clone https://aur.archlinux.org/yay.git
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cd yay
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makepkg -si
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jaqraheute um 16:27 Uhr
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okey i will ask again if i get problems :slight_smile:
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6543heute um 16:28 Uhr
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if you are searching for a pice of software to install:
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yay <ust the name - thasts all>
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yay will guid you throu
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if it its a well known software
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yay -S <name>
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and it will show you the versions it can get for you
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__
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ok I'm done :sweat:
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hope at least you understand 70% of it
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jaqraheute um 16:30 Uhr
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yes i understand
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i use pardus and used apt
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not be problem
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just i said . i cant now where the put file if i download binaries :smile:
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like npm
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6543heute um 16:31 Uhr
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just runn as user
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npm put stuff into /home/<username>/node_modules/
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but yay alos let you install npm created binarys into the system
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so there is a good chance if you type in yay -S npm-name or yay npm-name to be able to install things
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example: <https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/angular-cli/ >
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= yay -S angular-cli
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