(url) Fix urlencoding issues with certain symbols

We also need to apply the fix when performing toString() on the EdgeUrl, the URI class will URLDecode the input.

The change also alters the parseURI method to only run the URLEncode-fixer during parsing if URI doesn't throw an exception.  This bad path is obviously going to be slower, but realistically, most URLs are valid, so it's probably a significant optimization to do it like this.

code/common/model/java/nu/marginalia/model/EdgeUrl.java

@@ -31,9 +31,21 @@ public class EdgeUrl implements Serializable {
 
     private static URI parseURI(String url) throws URISyntaxException {
         try {
-            return EdgeUriFactory.uriFromString(url);
-        } catch (URISyntaxException ex) {
-            throw new URISyntaxException("Failed to parse URI '" + url + "'", ex.getMessage());
+            return new URI(url);
+        } catch (URISyntaxException _) {
+            try {
+                /* Java's URI parser is a bit too strict in throwing exceptions when there's an error.
+
+                   Here on the Internet, standards are like the picture on the box of the frozen pizza,
+                   and what you get is more like what's on the inside, we try to patch things instead,
+                   just give it a best-effort attempt att cleaning out broken or unnecessary constructions
+                   like bad or missing URLEncoding
+                 */
+                return EdgeUriFactory.parseURILenient(url);
+            }
+            catch (URISyntaxException ex2) {
+                throw new URISyntaxException("Failed to parse URI '" + url + "'", ex2.getMessage());
+            }
         }
     }
 
@@ -112,11 +124,10 @@ public class EdgeUrl implements Serializable {
             sb.append(port);
         }
 
-        sb.append(path);
+        EdgeUriFactory.urlencodePath(sb, path);
 
         if (param != null) {
-            sb.append('?');
-            sb.append(param);
+            EdgeUriFactory.urlencodeQuery(sb, param);
         }
 
         return sb.toString();
@@ -194,15 +205,8 @@ public class EdgeUrl implements Serializable {
 
 }
 
-/* Java's URI parser is a bit too strict in throwing exceptions when there's an error.
-
-   Here on the Internet, standards are like the picture on the box of the frozen pizza,
-   and what you get is more like what's on the inside, we try to patch things instead,
-   just give it a best-effort attempt att cleaning out broken or unnecessary constructions
-   like bad or missing URLEncoding
- */
 class EdgeUriFactory {
-    public static URI uriFromString(String url) throws URISyntaxException {
+    public static URI parseURILenient(String url) throws URISyntaxException {
         var s = new StringBuilder();
 
         int pathIdx = findPathIdx(url);
@@ -218,14 +222,18 @@ class EdgeUriFactory {
         int queryIdx = url.indexOf('?');
         if (queryIdx < 0) queryIdx = end;
 
-        recombinePaths(s, url.substring(pathIdx, queryIdx));
+        urlencodePath(s, url.substring(pathIdx, queryIdx));
         if (queryIdx < end) {
-            recombineQueryString(s, url.substring(queryIdx + 1, end));
+            urlencodeQuery(s, url.substring(queryIdx + 1, end));
         }
         return new URI(s.toString());
     }
 
-    private static void recombinePaths(StringBuilder sb, String path) {
+    /** Break apart the path element of an URI into its components, and then
+     * urlencode any component that needs it, and recombine it into a single
+     * path element again.
+     */
+    public static void urlencodePath(StringBuilder sb, String path) {
         if (path == null || path.isEmpty()) {
             return;
         }
@@ -241,7 +249,7 @@ class EdgeUriFactory {
 
             if (needsUrlEncode(pathPart)) {
                 sb.append('/');
-                sb.append(URLEncoder.encode(pathPart, StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
+                sb.append(URLEncoder.encode(pathPart, StandardCharsets.UTF_8).replace("+", "%20"));
             } else {
                 sb.append('/');
                 sb.append(pathPart);
@@ -254,26 +262,31 @@ class EdgeUriFactory {
 
     }
 
-    private static void recombineQueryString(StringBuilder sb, String param) {
+    /** Break apart the query element of a URI into its components, and then
+     * urlencode any component that needs it, and recombine it into a single
+     * query element again.
+     */
+    public static void urlencodeQuery(StringBuilder sb, String param) {
         if (param == null || param.isEmpty()) {
             return;
         }
 
-        sb.append('?');
         String[] pathParts = StringUtils.split(param, '&');
         boolean first = true;
-        for (String pathPart : pathParts) {
-            if (pathPart.isEmpty()) continue;
+        for (String queryPart : pathParts) {
+            if (queryPart.isEmpty()) continue;
 
             if (first) {
+                sb.append('?');
                 first = false;
             } else {
                 sb.append('&');
             }
-            if (needsUrlEncode(pathPart)) {
-                sb.append(URLEncoder.encode(pathPart, StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
+
+            if (needsUrlEncode(queryPart)) {
+                sb.append(URLEncoder.encode(queryPart, StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
             } else {
-                sb.append(pathPart);
+                sb.append(queryPart);
             }
         }
     }
@@ -284,7 +297,7 @@ class EdgeUriFactory {
      * Note we may have been given an already encoded path element,
      * so we include % and + in the list of good characters
      */
-    private static boolean needsUrlEncode(String urlElement) {
+    static boolean needsUrlEncode(String urlElement) {
         for (int i = 0; i < urlElement.length(); i++) {
             char c = urlElement.charAt(i);
 
@@ -311,10 +324,15 @@ class EdgeUriFactory {
         return (c >= '0' && c <= '9') || (c >= 'a' && c <= 'f') || (c >= 'A' && c <= 'F');
     }
 
+    /** Find the index of the path element in a URL.
+     * <p></p>
+     * The path element starts after the scheme and authority part of the URL,
+     * which is everything up to and including the first slash after the colon.
+     */
     private static int findPathIdx(String url) throws URISyntaxException {
         int colonIdx = url.indexOf(':');
         if (colonIdx < 0 || colonIdx + 3 >= url.length()) {
-            throw new URISyntaxException(url, "Lacking protocol");
+            throw new URISyntaxException(url, "Lacking scheme");
         }
         return url.indexOf('/', colonIdx + 3);
     }

code/common/model/test/nu/marginalia/model/EdgeUrlTest.java

@@ -24,13 +24,36 @@ class EdgeUrlTest {
 
     @Test
     void testUriFromString() throws URISyntaxException {
-        Assertions.assertEquals("https://www.example.com/", EdgeUriFactory.uriFromString("https://www.example.com/").toString());
-        Assertions.assertEquals("https://www.example.com/", EdgeUriFactory.uriFromString("https://www.example.com/#heredoc").toString());
-        Assertions.assertEquals("https://www.example.com/trailingslash/", EdgeUriFactory.uriFromString("https://www.example.com/trailingslash/").toString());
-        Assertions.assertEquals("https://www.example.com/%25-sign", EdgeUriFactory.uriFromString("https://www.example.com/%-sign").toString());
-        Assertions.assertEquals("https://www.example.com/%22-sign", EdgeUriFactory.uriFromString("https://www.example.com/%22-sign").toString());
-        Assertions.assertEquals("https://www.example.com/%0A+%22huh%22", EdgeUriFactory.uriFromString("https://www.example.com/\n \"huh\"").toString());
-        Assertions.assertEquals("https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A1mi", EdgeUriFactory.uriFromString("https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sámi").toString());
+        // We test these URLs several times as we perform URLEncode-fixing both when parsing the URL and when
+        // converting it back to a string, we want to ensure there is no changes along the way.
+
+        Assertions.assertEquals("/", EdgeUriFactory.parseURILenient("https://www.example.com/").getPath());
+        Assertions.assertEquals("https://www.example.com/", EdgeUriFactory.parseURILenient("https://www.example.com/").toString());
+        Assertions.assertEquals("https://www.example.com/", new EdgeUrl("https://www.example.com/").toString());
+
+        Assertions.assertEquals("/", EdgeUriFactory.parseURILenient("https://www.example.com/#heredoc").getPath());
+        Assertions.assertEquals("https://www.example.com/", EdgeUriFactory.parseURILenient("https://www.example.com/#heredoc").toString());
+        Assertions.assertEquals("https://www.example.com/", new EdgeUrl("https://www.example.com/#heredoc").toString());
+
+        Assertions.assertEquals("/trailingslash/", EdgeUriFactory.parseURILenient("https://www.example.com/trailingslash/").getPath());
+        Assertions.assertEquals("https://www.example.com/trailingslash/", EdgeUriFactory.parseURILenient("https://www.example.com/trailingslash/").toString());
+        Assertions.assertEquals("https://www.example.com/trailingslash/", new EdgeUrl("https://www.example.com/trailingslash/").toString());
+
+        Assertions.assertEquals("/%-sign", EdgeUriFactory.parseURILenient("https://www.example.com/%-sign").getPath());
+        Assertions.assertEquals("https://www.example.com/%25-sign", EdgeUriFactory.parseURILenient("https://www.example.com/%-sign").toString());
+        Assertions.assertEquals("https://www.example.com/%25-sign", new EdgeUrl("https://www.example.com/%-sign").toString());
+
+        Assertions.assertEquals("/\"-sign", EdgeUriFactory.parseURILenient("https://www.example.com/%22-sign").getPath());
+        Assertions.assertEquals("https://www.example.com/%22-sign", EdgeUriFactory.parseURILenient("https://www.example.com/%22-sign").toString());
+        Assertions.assertEquals("https://www.example.com/%22-sign", new EdgeUrl("https://www.example.com/%22-sign").toString());
+
+        Assertions.assertEquals("/\n \"huh\"", EdgeUriFactory.parseURILenient("https://www.example.com/\n \"huh\"").getPath());
+        Assertions.assertEquals("https://www.example.com/%0A%20%22huh%22", EdgeUriFactory.parseURILenient("https://www.example.com/\n \"huh\"").toString());
+        Assertions.assertEquals("https://www.example.com/%0A%20%22huh%22", new EdgeUrl("https://www.example.com/\n \"huh\"").toString());
+
+        Assertions.assertEquals("/wiki/Sámi", EdgeUriFactory.parseURILenient("https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sámi").getPath());
+        Assertions.assertEquals("https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A1mi", EdgeUriFactory.parseURILenient("https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sámi").toString());
+        Assertions.assertEquals("https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A1mi", new EdgeUrl("https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sámi").toString());
     }
 
     @Test