(uring) Reintroduce auto-slicing of excessively long read batches

This is needed to access io_uring via docker.

ROADMAP.md

@@ -48,10 +48,6 @@ filter for any API consumer.
 
 I've talked to the stract dev and he does not think it's a good idea to mimic their optics language, which is quite ad-hoc, but instead to work together to find some new common description language for this. 
 
-## Show favicons next to search results
-
-This is expected from search engines.  Basic proof of concept sketch of fetching this data has been done, but the feature is some way from being reality. 
-
 ## Specialized crawler for github
 
 One of the search engine's biggest limitations right now is that it does not index github at all.   A specialized crawler that fetches at least the readme.md would go a long way toward providing search capabilities in this domain.
@@ -66,6 +62,10 @@ The documents database probably should have some sort of flag indicating it's a
 PDF parsing is known to be a bit of a security liability so some thought needs to be put in
 that direction as well.
 
+## Show favicons next to search results (COMPLETED 2025-03)
+
+This is expected from search engines.  Basic proof of concept sketch of fetching this data has been done, but the feature is some way from being reality.
+
 ## Web Design Overhaul (COMPLETED 2025-01)
 
 The design is kinda clunky and hard to maintain, and needlessly outdated-looking.  

code/common/model/java/nu/marginalia/model/crawl/HtmlFeature.java

@@ -5,13 +5,15 @@ import java.util.Collection;
 public enum HtmlFeature {
     // Note, the first 32 of these features are bit encoded in the database
     // so be sure to keep anything that's potentially important toward the top
-    // of the list
+    // of the list; but adding new values will shift the encoded values and break
+    // binary compatibility!  Scroll down for a marker where you should add new values
+    // if they need to be accessible from IndexResultScoreCalculator!
 
     MEDIA( "special:media"),
     JS("special:scripts"),
     AFFILIATE_LINK( "special:affiliate"),
     TRACKING("special:tracking"),
-    TRACKING_ADTECH("special:ads"), // We'll call this ads for now
+    TRACKING_ADTECH("special:adtech"),
 
     KEBAB_CASE_URL("special:kcurl"), // https://www.example.com/urls-that-look-like-this/
     LONG_URL("special:longurl"),
@@ -30,6 +32,15 @@ public enum HtmlFeature {
 
     PDF("format:pdf"),
 
+    POPOVER("special:popover"),
+    CONSENT("special:consent"),
+    SHORT_DOCUMENT("special:shorty"),
+    THIRD_PARTY_REQUESTS("special:3pr"),
+
+    // Here!  It is generally safe to add additional values here without
+    // disrupting the encoded values used by the DocumentValuator
+    // class in the index!
+
     /** For fingerprinting and ranking */
     OPENGRAPH("special:opengraph"),
     OPENGRAPH_IMAGE("special:opengraph:image"),
@@ -67,6 +78,7 @@ public enum HtmlFeature {
 
     S3_FEATURE("special:s3"),
 
+    MISSING_DOM_SAMPLE("special:nosample"),
     UNKNOWN("special:uncategorized");
 
 

code/common/service/java/nu/marginalia/service/ServiceId.java

@@ -7,7 +7,6 @@ public enum ServiceId {
     Search("search-service"),
     Index("index-service"),
     Query("query-service"),
-    Executor("executor-service"),
 
     Control("control-service"),
 

code/common/service/java/nu/marginalia/service/client/GrpcChannelPoolFactory.java

@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ import nu.marginalia.service.discovery.property.ServicePartition;
 import nu.marginalia.util.NamedExecutorFactory;
 
 import java.util.concurrent.Executor;
+import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
 import java.util.function.Function;
 
 @Singleton
@@ -20,10 +21,15 @@ public class GrpcChannelPoolFactory {
 
     private final NodeConfigurationWatcher nodeConfigurationWatcher;
     private final ServiceRegistryIf serviceRegistryIf;
-    private static final Executor executor = NamedExecutorFactory.createFixed("gRPC-Channel-Pool",
-            Math.clamp(Runtime.getRuntime().availableProcessors() / 2, 2, 32));
-    private static final Executor offloadExecutor = NamedExecutorFactory.createFixed("gRPC-Offload-Pool",
-            Math.clamp(Runtime.getRuntime().availableProcessors() / 2, 2, 32));
+
+    private static final boolean useLoom = Boolean.getBoolean("system.experimentalUseLoom");
+
+    private static final Executor executor = useLoom
+            ? Executors.newVirtualThreadPerTaskExecutor()
+            : NamedExecutorFactory.createFixed("gRPC-Channel-Pool", Math.clamp(Runtime.getRuntime().availableProcessors() / 2, 2, 32));
+    private static final Executor offloadExecutor =  useLoom
+            ? Executors.newVirtualThreadPerTaskExecutor()
+            : NamedExecutorFactory.createFixed("gRPC-Offload-Pool", Math.clamp(Runtime.getRuntime().availableProcessors() / 2, 2, 32));
 
     @Inject
     public GrpcChannelPoolFactory(NodeConfigurationWatcher nodeConfigurationWatcher,

code/common/service/java/nu/marginalia/service/client/GrpcSingleNodeChannelPool.java

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ package nu.marginalia.service.client;
 
 import com.google.common.collect.Sets;
 import io.grpc.ManagedChannel;
+import io.grpc.StatusRuntimeException;
 import nu.marginalia.service.discovery.ServiceRegistryIf;
 import nu.marginalia.service.discovery.monitor.ServiceChangeMonitor;
 import nu.marginalia.service.discovery.property.PartitionTraits;
@@ -206,6 +207,11 @@ public class GrpcSingleNodeChannelPool<STUB> extends ServiceChangeMonitor {
         }
 
         for (var e : exceptions) {
+            if (e instanceof StatusRuntimeException se) {
+                throw se; // Re-throw SRE as-is
+            }
+
+            // If there are other exceptions, log them
             logger.error(grpcMarker, "Failed to call service {}", serviceKey, e);
         }
 

code/common/service/java/nu/marginalia/service/server/GrpcServer.java

@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
 package nu.marginalia.service.server;
 
 import io.grpc.Server;
-import io.grpc.netty.shaded.io.grpc.netty.NettyServerBuilder;
-import io.grpc.netty.shaded.io.netty.channel.nio.NioEventLoopGroup;
-import io.grpc.netty.shaded.io.netty.channel.socket.nio.NioServerSocketChannel;
+import io.grpc.netty.NettyServerBuilder;
+import io.netty.channel.nio.NioEventLoopGroup;
+import io.netty.channel.socket.nio.NioServerSocketChannel;
 import nu.marginalia.service.discovery.ServiceRegistryIf;
 import nu.marginalia.service.discovery.property.ServiceKey;
 import nu.marginalia.service.discovery.property.ServicePartition;
@@ -13,9 +13,14 @@ import nu.marginalia.util.NamedExecutorFactory;
 import java.io.IOException;
 import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
 import java.util.List;
+import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
+import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
 
 public class GrpcServer {
     private final Server server;
+
+    private static final boolean useLoom = Boolean.getBoolean("system.experimentalUseLoom");
+
     public GrpcServer(ServiceConfiguration config,
                       ServiceRegistryIf serviceRegistry,
                       ServicePartition partition,
@@ -26,13 +31,19 @@ public class GrpcServer {
         int nThreads = Math.clamp(Runtime.getRuntime().availableProcessors() / 2, 2, 16);
 
         // Start the gRPC server
+
+        ExecutorService workExecutor = useLoom ?
+                Executors.newVirtualThreadPerTaskExecutor() :
+                NamedExecutorFactory.createFixed("nettyExecutor", nThreads);
+
         var grpcServerBuilder = NettyServerBuilder.forAddress(new InetSocketAddress(config.bindAddress(), port))
-                .executor(NamedExecutorFactory.createFixed("nettyExecutor", nThreads))
+                .executor(workExecutor)
                 .workerEventLoopGroup(new NioEventLoopGroup(nThreads, NamedExecutorFactory.createFixed("Worker-ELG", nThreads)))
                 .bossEventLoopGroup(new NioEventLoopGroup(nThreads, NamedExecutorFactory.createFixed("Boss-ELG", nThreads)))
                 .channelType(NioServerSocketChannel.class);
 
         for (var grpcService : grpcServices) {
+
             if (!grpcService.shouldRegisterService()) {
                 continue;
             }

code/common/service/java/nu/marginalia/service/server/JoobyService.java

@@ -125,8 +125,7 @@ public class JoobyService {
         // Set a cap on the number of worker threads, as Jooby's default value does not seem to consider
         // multi-tenant servers with high thread counts, and spins up an exorbitant number of threads in that
         // scenario
-        options.setWorkerThreads(Math.min(128, options.getWorkerThreads()));
-
+        options.setWorkerThreads(Math.min(16, options.getWorkerThreads()));
 
         jooby.setServerOptions(options);
 

code/execution/api/java/nu/marginalia/executor/client/ExecutorClient.java

@@ -189,7 +189,7 @@ public class ExecutorClient {
         String uriPath = "/transfer/file/" + fileStorage.id();
         String uriQuery = "path=" + URLEncoder.encode(path, StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
 
-        var endpoints = registry.getEndpoints(ServiceKey.forRest(ServiceId.Executor, fileStorage.node()));
+        var endpoints = registry.getEndpoints(ServiceKey.forRest(ServiceId.Index, fileStorage.node()));
         if (endpoints.isEmpty()) {
             throw new RuntimeException("No endpoints for node " + fileStorage.node());
         }

code/execution/java/nu/marginalia/execution/ExecutorCrawlGrpcService.java

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 package nu.marginalia.execution;
 
 import com.google.inject.Inject;
+import io.grpc.Status;
 import io.grpc.stub.StreamObserver;
 import nu.marginalia.actor.ExecutorActor;
 import nu.marginalia.actor.ExecutorActorControlService;
@@ -36,7 +37,7 @@ public class ExecutorCrawlGrpcService
             responseObserver.onCompleted();
         }
         catch (Exception e) {
-            responseObserver.onError(e);
+            responseObserver.onError(Status.INTERNAL.withCause(e).asRuntimeException());
         }
     }
 
@@ -52,7 +53,7 @@ public class ExecutorCrawlGrpcService
             responseObserver.onCompleted();
         }
         catch (Exception e) {
-            responseObserver.onError(e);
+            responseObserver.onError(Status.INTERNAL.withCause(e).asRuntimeException());
         }
     }
 
@@ -66,7 +67,7 @@ public class ExecutorCrawlGrpcService
             responseObserver.onCompleted();
         }
         catch (Exception e) {
-            responseObserver.onError(e);
+            responseObserver.onError(Status.INTERNAL.withCause(e).asRuntimeException());
         }
     }
 
@@ -80,7 +81,7 @@ public class ExecutorCrawlGrpcService
             responseObserver.onCompleted();
         }
         catch (Exception e) {
-            responseObserver.onError(e);
+            responseObserver.onError(Status.INTERNAL.withCause(e).asRuntimeException());
         }
     }
 
@@ -98,7 +99,7 @@ public class ExecutorCrawlGrpcService
             responseObserver.onCompleted();
         }
         catch (Exception e) {
-            responseObserver.onError(e);
+            responseObserver.onError(Status.INTERNAL.withCause(e).asRuntimeException());
         }
     }
 

code/execution/java/nu/marginalia/execution/ExecutorExportGrpcService.java

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ package nu.marginalia.execution;
 
 import com.google.inject.Inject;
 import com.google.inject.Singleton;
+import io.grpc.Status;
 import io.grpc.stub.StreamObserver;
 import nu.marginalia.actor.ExecutorActor;
 import nu.marginalia.actor.ExecutorActorControlService;
@@ -38,7 +39,7 @@ public class ExecutorExportGrpcService
             responseObserver.onCompleted();
         }
         catch (Exception e) {
-            responseObserver.onError(e);
+            responseObserver.onError(Status.INTERNAL.withCause(e).asRuntimeException());
         }
     }
 
@@ -57,7 +58,7 @@ public class ExecutorExportGrpcService
             responseObserver.onCompleted();
         }
         catch (Exception e) {
-            responseObserver.onError(e);
+            responseObserver.onError(Status.INTERNAL.withCause(e).asRuntimeException());
         }
     }
 
@@ -73,7 +74,7 @@ public class ExecutorExportGrpcService
             responseObserver.onCompleted();
         }
         catch (Exception e) {
-            responseObserver.onError(e);
+            responseObserver.onError(Status.INTERNAL.withCause(e).asRuntimeException());
         }
     }
 
@@ -87,7 +88,7 @@ public class ExecutorExportGrpcService
             responseObserver.onCompleted();
         }
         catch (Exception e) {
-            responseObserver.onError(e);
+            responseObserver.onError(Status.INTERNAL.withCause(e).asRuntimeException());
         }
     }
 
@@ -99,7 +100,7 @@ public class ExecutorExportGrpcService
             responseObserver.onCompleted();
         }
         catch (Exception e) {
-            responseObserver.onError(e);
+            responseObserver.onError(Status.INTERNAL.withCause(e).asRuntimeException());
         }
     }
 
@@ -114,14 +115,14 @@ public class ExecutorExportGrpcService
             responseObserver.onCompleted();
         }
         catch (Exception e) {
-            responseObserver.onError(e);
+            responseObserver.onError(Status.INTERNAL.withCause(e).asRuntimeException());
         }
     }
 
     @Override
     public void exportAllAtags(Empty request, StreamObserver<Empty> responseObserver) {
         if (serviceConfiguration.node() != 1) {
-            responseObserver.onError(new IllegalArgumentException("Export all atags is only available on node 1"));
+            responseObserver.onError(Status.UNAVAILABLE.withDescription("Export all atags is only available on node 1").asRuntimeException());
         }
         try {
             actorControlService.startFrom(ExecutorActor.PREC_EXPORT_ALL,
@@ -131,7 +132,7 @@ public class ExecutorExportGrpcService
             responseObserver.onCompleted();
         }
         catch (Exception e) {
-            responseObserver.onError(e);
+            responseObserver.onError(Status.INTERNAL.withCause(e).asRuntimeException());
         }
     }
 
@@ -145,7 +146,7 @@ public class ExecutorExportGrpcService
             responseObserver.onCompleted();
         }
         catch (Exception e) {
-            responseObserver.onError(e);
+            responseObserver.onError(Status.INTERNAL.withCause(e).asRuntimeException());
         }
     }
 
@@ -159,7 +160,7 @@ public class ExecutorExportGrpcService
             responseObserver.onCompleted();
         }
         catch (Exception e) {
-            responseObserver.onError(e);
+            responseObserver.onError(Status.INTERNAL.withCause(e).asRuntimeException());
         }
     }
 }

code/execution/java/nu/marginalia/execution/ExecutorGrpcService.java

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 package nu.marginalia.execution;
 
 import com.google.inject.Inject;
+import io.grpc.Status;
 import io.grpc.stub.StreamObserver;
 import nu.marginalia.WmsaHome;
 import nu.marginalia.actor.ActorApi;
@@ -58,7 +59,7 @@ public class ExecutorGrpcService
             responseObserver.onCompleted();
         }
         catch (Exception e) {
-            responseObserver.onError(e);
+            responseObserver.onError(Status.INTERNAL.withCause(e).asRuntimeException());
         }
     }
 
@@ -70,7 +71,7 @@ public class ExecutorGrpcService
             responseObserver.onCompleted();
         }
         catch (Exception e) {
-            responseObserver.onError(e);
+            responseObserver.onError(Status.INTERNAL.withCause(e).asRuntimeException());
         }
     }
 
@@ -82,7 +83,7 @@ public class ExecutorGrpcService
             responseObserver.onCompleted();
         }
         catch (Exception e) {
-            responseObserver.onError(e);
+            responseObserver.onError(Status.INTERNAL.withCause(e).asRuntimeException());
         }
     }
 
@@ -96,7 +97,7 @@ public class ExecutorGrpcService
             responseObserver.onCompleted();
         }
         catch (Exception e) {
-            responseObserver.onError(e);
+            responseObserver.onError(Status.INTERNAL.withCause(e).asRuntimeException());
         }
     }
 
@@ -112,7 +113,7 @@ public class ExecutorGrpcService
             responseObserver.onCompleted();
         }
         catch (Exception e) {
-            responseObserver.onError(e);
+            responseObserver.onError(Status.INTERNAL.withCause(e).asRuntimeException());
         }
     }
 
@@ -128,7 +129,7 @@ public class ExecutorGrpcService
             responseObserver.onCompleted();
         }
         catch (Exception e) {
-            responseObserver.onError(e);
+            responseObserver.onError(Status.INTERNAL.withCause(e).asRuntimeException());
         }
     }
 
@@ -203,7 +204,7 @@ public class ExecutorGrpcService
             responseObserver.onCompleted();
         }
         catch (Exception e) {
-            responseObserver.onError(e);
+            responseObserver.onError(Status.INTERNAL.withCause(e).asRuntimeException());
         }
     }
 
@@ -229,7 +230,7 @@ public class ExecutorGrpcService
             responseObserver.onCompleted();
         }
         catch (Exception e) {
-            responseObserver.onError(e);
+            responseObserver.onError(Status.INTERNAL.withCause(e).asRuntimeException());
         }
     }
 
@@ -276,7 +277,7 @@ public class ExecutorGrpcService
         }
         catch (Exception e) {
             logger.error("Failed to update nsfw filters", e);
-            responseObserver.onError(e);
+            responseObserver.onError(Status.INTERNAL.withCause(e).asRuntimeException());
         }
     }
 }

code/execution/java/nu/marginalia/execution/ExecutorSideloadGrpcService.java

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 package nu.marginalia.execution;
 
 import com.google.inject.Inject;
+import io.grpc.Status;
 import io.grpc.stub.StreamObserver;
 import nu.marginalia.actor.ExecutorActor;
 import nu.marginalia.actor.ExecutorActorControlService;
@@ -33,7 +34,7 @@ public class ExecutorSideloadGrpcService
             responseObserver.onCompleted();
         }
         catch (Exception e) {
-            responseObserver.onError(e);
+            responseObserver.onError(Status.INTERNAL.withCause(e).asRuntimeException());
         }
     }
 
@@ -48,7 +49,7 @@ public class ExecutorSideloadGrpcService
             responseObserver.onCompleted();
         }
         catch (Exception e) {
-            responseObserver.onError(e);
+            responseObserver.onError(Status.INTERNAL.withCause(e).asRuntimeException());
         }
     }
 
@@ -63,7 +64,7 @@ public class ExecutorSideloadGrpcService
             responseObserver.onCompleted();
         }
         catch (Exception e) {
-            responseObserver.onError(e);
+            responseObserver.onError(Status.INTERNAL.withCause(e).asRuntimeException());
         }
     }
 
@@ -78,7 +79,7 @@ public class ExecutorSideloadGrpcService
             responseObserver.onCompleted();
         }
         catch (Exception e) {
-            responseObserver.onError(e);
+            responseObserver.onError(Status.INTERNAL.withCause(e).asRuntimeException());
         }
     }
 
@@ -93,7 +94,7 @@ public class ExecutorSideloadGrpcService
             responseObserver.onCompleted();
         }
         catch (Exception e) {
-            responseObserver.onError(e);
+            responseObserver.onError(Status.INTERNAL.withCause(e).asRuntimeException());
         }
     }
 

code/execution/java/nu/marginalia/svc/ExecutorFileTransferService.java

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-package nu.marginalia.executor;
+package nu.marginalia.svc;
 
 import com.google.inject.Inject;
 import nu.marginalia.storage.FileStorageService;

code/execution/readme.md

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 The execution subsystem is responsible for the execution of long running tasks on each
-index node.  It lives in the [executor-service](../services-core/executor-service) module. 
+index node.  It lives in the [index-service](../services-core/index-service) module. 
 
 It accomplishes this using the [message queue and actor library](../libraries/message-queue/),
 which permits program state to survive crashes and reboots.

code/execution/test/nu/marginalia/svc/ExecutorFileTransferServiceTest.java

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-package nu.marginalia.executor;
+package nu.marginalia.svc;
 
 import nu.marginalia.storage.FileStorageService;
 import nu.marginalia.storage.model.FileStorage;

code/functions/domain-info/api/java/nu/marginalia/api/domains/DomainInfoClient.java

@@ -2,6 +2,8 @@ package nu.marginalia.api.domains;
 
 import com.google.inject.Inject;
 import com.google.inject.Singleton;
+import nu.marginalia.api.domains.model.DomainInformation;
+import nu.marginalia.api.domains.model.SimilarDomain;
 import nu.marginalia.service.client.GrpcChannelPoolFactory;
 import nu.marginalia.service.client.GrpcSingleNodeChannelPool;
 import nu.marginalia.service.discovery.property.ServiceKey;
@@ -10,16 +12,19 @@ import org.slf4j.Logger;
 import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
 
 import java.util.List;
-import java.util.concurrent.*;
-
-import nu.marginalia.api.domains.model.*;
+import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
+import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
+import java.util.concurrent.Future;
 
 @Singleton
 public class DomainInfoClient {
     private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(DomainInfoClient.class);
 
     private final GrpcSingleNodeChannelPool<DomainInfoAPIGrpc.DomainInfoAPIBlockingStub> channelPool;
-    private final ExecutorService executor = Executors.newWorkStealingPool(8);
+
+
+    private static final boolean useLoom = Boolean.getBoolean("system.experimentalUseLoom");
+    private static final ExecutorService executor = useLoom ? Executors.newVirtualThreadPerTaskExecutor() : Executors.newWorkStealingPool(8);
 
     @Inject
     public DomainInfoClient(GrpcChannelPoolFactory factory) {

code/functions/live-capture/api/java/nu/marginalia/api/domsample/DomSampleClient.java

@@ -0,0 +1,114 @@
+package nu.marginalia.api.domsample;
+
+import com.google.inject.Inject;
+import com.google.inject.Singleton;
+import io.grpc.Status;
+import io.grpc.StatusRuntimeException;
+import nu.marginalia.service.client.GrpcChannelPoolFactory;
+import nu.marginalia.service.client.GrpcSingleNodeChannelPool;
+import nu.marginalia.service.discovery.property.ServiceKey;
+import nu.marginalia.service.discovery.property.ServicePartition;
+import org.slf4j.Logger;
+import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
+
+import java.time.Duration;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Iterator;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Optional;
+import java.util.concurrent.CompletableFuture;
+import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
+
+@Singleton
+public class DomSampleClient {
+    private final GrpcSingleNodeChannelPool<DomSampleApiGrpc.DomSampleApiBlockingStub> channelPool;
+    private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(DomSampleClient.class);
+
+    @Inject
+    public DomSampleClient(GrpcChannelPoolFactory factory) {
+
+        // The client is only interested in the primary node
+        var key = ServiceKey.forGrpcApi(DomSampleApiGrpc.class, ServicePartition.any());
+        this.channelPool = factory.createSingle(key, DomSampleApiGrpc::newBlockingStub);
+    }
+
+    public Optional<RpcDomainSample> getSample(String domainName) {
+        try {
+            var val = channelPool.call(DomSampleApiGrpc.DomSampleApiBlockingStub::getSample)
+                    .run(RpcDomainName.newBuilder().setDomainName(domainName).build());
+
+            return Optional.of(val);
+        }
+        catch (StatusRuntimeException sre) {
+            if (sre.getStatus() != Status.NOT_FOUND) {
+                logger.error("Failed to fetch DOM sample", sre);
+            }
+            return Optional.empty();
+        }
+    }
+
+    public Optional<RpcDomainSampleRequests> getSampleRequests(String domainName) {
+        try {
+            var val = channelPool.call(DomSampleApiGrpc.DomSampleApiBlockingStub::getSampleRequests)
+                    .run(RpcDomainName.newBuilder().setDomainName(domainName).build());
+
+            return Optional.of(val);
+        }
+        catch (StatusRuntimeException sre) {
+            if (sre.getStatus() != Status.NOT_FOUND) {
+                logger.error("Failed to fetch DOM sample", sre);
+            }
+            return Optional.empty();
+        }
+    }
+
+    public boolean hasSample(String domainName) {
+        try {
+            return channelPool.call(DomSampleApiGrpc.DomSampleApiBlockingStub::hasSample)
+                    .run(RpcDomainName.newBuilder().setDomainName(domainName).build())
+                    .getAnswer();
+        }
+        catch (StatusRuntimeException sre) {
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+
+    public CompletableFuture<Boolean> hasSample(String domainName, ExecutorService executor) {
+        try {
+            return channelPool.call(DomSampleApiGrpc.DomSampleApiBlockingStub::hasSample)
+                    .async(executor)
+                    .run(RpcDomainName.newBuilder().setDomainName(domainName).build())
+                    .thenApply(RpcBooleanRsp::getAnswer);
+        }
+        catch (StatusRuntimeException sre) {
+            return CompletableFuture.completedFuture(false);
+        }
+    }
+
+    public CompletableFuture<RpcDomainSample> getSampleAsync(String domainName, ExecutorService executorService) {
+        return channelPool.call(DomSampleApiGrpc.DomSampleApiBlockingStub::getSample)
+                .async(executorService)
+                .run(RpcDomainName.newBuilder().setDomainName(domainName).build());
+    }
+
+    public List<RpcDomainSample> getAllSamples(String domainName) {
+        try {
+            Iterator<RpcDomainSample> val = channelPool.call(DomSampleApiGrpc.DomSampleApiBlockingStub::getAllSamples)
+                    .run(RpcDomainName.newBuilder().setDomainName(domainName).build());
+
+            List<RpcDomainSample> ret = new ArrayList<>();
+            val.forEachRemaining(ret::add);
+            return ret;
+        }
+        catch (StatusRuntimeException sre) {
+            logger.error("Failed to fetch DOM sample");
+            return List.of();
+        }
+    }
+
+    public boolean waitReady(Duration duration) throws InterruptedException {
+        return channelPool.awaitChannel(duration);
+    }
+
+
+}

code/functions/live-capture/api/java/nu/marginalia/api/feeds/FeedsClient.java

@@ -24,7 +24,9 @@ import java.util.function.BiConsumer;
 
 @Singleton
 public class FeedsClient {
-    private final ExecutorService executorService = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();
+    private static final boolean useLoom = Boolean.getBoolean("system.experimentalUseLoom");
+    private static final ExecutorService executorService = useLoom ? Executors.newVirtualThreadPerTaskExecutor() : Executors.newCachedThreadPool();
+
     private final GrpcSingleNodeChannelPool<FeedApiGrpc.FeedApiBlockingStub> channelPool;
     private final MqOutbox updateFeedsOutbox;
 

code/functions/live-capture/api/src/main/protobuf/dom-sample.proto

@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+syntax="proto3";
+package nu.marginalia.api.domsample;
+
+option java_package="nu.marginalia.api.domsample";
+option java_multiple_files=true;
+
+
+service DomSampleApi {
+  rpc getSample(RpcDomainName) returns (RpcDomainSample) {}
+  rpc getSampleRequests(RpcDomainName) returns (RpcDomainSampleRequests) {}
+  rpc hasSample(RpcDomainName) returns (RpcBooleanRsp) {}
+  rpc getAllSamples(RpcDomainName) returns (stream RpcDomainSample) {}
+}
+
+message RpcDomainName {
+  string domainName = 1;
+}
+
+message RpcBooleanRsp {
+  bool answer = 1;
+}
+
+message RpcDomainSampleRequests {
+  string domainName = 1;
+  string url = 2;
+  repeated RpcOutgoingRequest outgoingRequests = 5;
+}
+
+message RpcDomainSample {
+  string domainName = 1;
+  string url = 2;
+  bytes htmlSampleZstd = 3;
+  bool accepted_popover = 4;
+  repeated RpcOutgoingRequest outgoingRequests = 5;
+}
+
+message RpcOutgoingRequest {
+  RequestMethod method = 1;
+  int64 timestamp = 2;
+  string url = 3;
+
+  enum RequestMethod {
+    GET = 0;
+    POST = 1;
+    OTHER = 2;
+  };
+}

code/functions/live-capture/build.gradle

@@ -31,6 +31,7 @@ dependencies {
     implementation libs.jsoup
     implementation libs.opencsv
     implementation libs.slop
+    implementation libs.zstd
     implementation libs.sqlite
     implementation libs.bundles.slf4j
     implementation libs.commons.lang3

code/functions/live-capture/java/nu/marginalia/domsample/DomSampleGrpcService.java

@@ -0,0 +1,176 @@
+package nu.marginalia.domsample;
+
+import com.github.luben.zstd.Zstd;
+import com.google.inject.Inject;
+import com.google.protobuf.ByteString;
+import io.grpc.Status;
+import io.grpc.stub.StreamObserver;
+import nu.marginalia.api.domsample.*;
+import nu.marginalia.domsample.db.DomSampleDb;
+import nu.marginalia.service.server.DiscoverableService;
+import org.slf4j.Logger;
+import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
+
+import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
+import java.util.List;
+
+public class DomSampleGrpcService
+        extends DomSampleApiGrpc.DomSampleApiImplBase
+        implements DiscoverableService
+{
+    private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(DomSampleGrpcService.class);
+
+    private final DomSampleDb domSampleDb;
+
+    @Inject
+    public DomSampleGrpcService(DomSampleDb domSampleDb) {
+        this.domSampleDb = domSampleDb;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void getSample(RpcDomainName request, StreamObserver<RpcDomainSample> responseObserver) {
+        String domainName = request.getDomainName();
+        if (domainName.isBlank()) {
+            responseObserver.onError(Status.INVALID_ARGUMENT
+                            .withDescription("Invalid domain name")
+                            .asRuntimeException());
+            return;
+        }
+
+        try {
+            List<DomSampleDb.Sample> dbRecords = domSampleDb.getSamples(domainName);
+            if (dbRecords.isEmpty()) {
+                responseObserver.onError(Status.NOT_FOUND.withDescription("No sample found").asRuntimeException());
+                return;
+            }
+
+            // Grab the first sample
+            RpcDomainSample.Builder response = convertFullSample(dbRecords.getFirst());
+
+            responseObserver.onNext(response.build());
+            responseObserver.onCompleted();
+        }
+        catch (Exception e) {
+            logger.error("Error in getSample()", e);
+            responseObserver.onError(Status.INTERNAL.withCause(e).asRuntimeException());
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void getSampleRequests(RpcDomainName request, StreamObserver<RpcDomainSampleRequests> responseObserver) {
+        String domainName = request.getDomainName();
+        if (domainName.isBlank()) {
+            responseObserver.onError(Status.INVALID_ARGUMENT
+                    .withDescription("Invalid domain name")
+                    .asRuntimeException());
+            return;
+        }
+
+        try {
+            List<DomSampleDb.Sample> dbRecords = domSampleDb.getSamples(domainName);
+            if (dbRecords.isEmpty()) {
+                responseObserver.onError(Status.NOT_FOUND.withDescription("No sample found").asRuntimeException());
+                return;
+            }
+
+            // Grab the first sample
+            RpcDomainSampleRequests.Builder response = convertRequestData(dbRecords.getFirst());
+
+            responseObserver.onNext(response.build());
+            responseObserver.onCompleted();
+        }
+        catch (Exception e) {
+            logger.error("Error in getSample()", e);
+            responseObserver.onError(Status.INTERNAL.withCause(e).asRuntimeException());
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void hasSample(RpcDomainName request, StreamObserver<RpcBooleanRsp> responseObserver) {
+        String domainName = request.getDomainName();
+        if (domainName.isBlank()) {
+            responseObserver.onError(Status.INVALID_ARGUMENT
+                    .withDescription("Invalid domain name")
+                    .asRuntimeException());
+            return;
+        }
+
+        try {
+            responseObserver.onNext(RpcBooleanRsp.newBuilder()
+                    .setAnswer(domSampleDb.hasSample(domainName)).build());
+            responseObserver.onCompleted();
+        }
+        catch (Exception e) {
+            responseObserver.onError(Status.INTERNAL.withCause(e).asRuntimeException());
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void getAllSamples(RpcDomainName request, StreamObserver<RpcDomainSample> responseObserver) {
+        String domainName = request.getDomainName();
+        if (domainName.isBlank()) {
+            responseObserver.onError(Status.INVALID_ARGUMENT
+                    .withDescription("Invalid domain name")
+                    .asRuntimeException());
+            return;
+        }
+
+        try {
+            List<DomSampleDb.Sample> dbRecords = domSampleDb.getSamples(domainName);
+
+            for (var record : dbRecords) {
+                responseObserver.onNext(convertFullSample(record).build());
+            }
+
+            responseObserver.onCompleted();
+        }
+        catch (Exception e) {
+            logger.error("Error in getSample()", e);
+            responseObserver.onError(Status.INTERNAL.withCause(e).asRuntimeException());
+        }
+    }
+
+    private RpcDomainSample.Builder convertFullSample(DomSampleDb.Sample dbSample) {
+
+        ByteString htmlZstd = ByteString.copyFrom(Zstd.compress(dbSample.sample().getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8)));
+
+        var sampleBuilder = RpcDomainSample.newBuilder()
+                .setDomainName(dbSample.domain())
+                .setAcceptedPopover(dbSample.acceptedPopover())
+                .setHtmlSampleZstd(htmlZstd);
+
+        for (var req : dbSample.parseRequests()) {
+            sampleBuilder.addOutgoingRequestsBuilder()
+                    .setUrl(req.uri().toString())
+                    .setMethod(switch (req.method().toUpperCase())
+                    {
+                        case "GET" -> RpcOutgoingRequest.RequestMethod.GET;
+                        case "POST" -> RpcOutgoingRequest.RequestMethod.POST;
+                        default -> RpcOutgoingRequest.RequestMethod.OTHER;
+                    })
+                    .setTimestamp(req.timestamp());
+        }
+
+        return sampleBuilder;
+    }
+
+    private RpcDomainSampleRequests.Builder convertRequestData(DomSampleDb.Sample dbSample) {
+
+        var sampleBuilder = RpcDomainSampleRequests.newBuilder()
+                .setDomainName(dbSample.domain());
+
+        for (var req : dbSample.parseRequests()) {
+            sampleBuilder.addOutgoingRequestsBuilder()
+                    .setUrl(req.uri().toString())
+                    .setMethod(switch (req.method().toUpperCase())
+                    {
+                        case "GET" -> RpcOutgoingRequest.RequestMethod.GET;
+                        case "POST" -> RpcOutgoingRequest.RequestMethod.POST;
+                        default -> RpcOutgoingRequest.RequestMethod.OTHER;
+                    })
+                    .setTimestamp(req.timestamp());
+        }
+
+        return sampleBuilder;
+    }
+}

code/functions/live-capture/java/nu/marginalia/domsample/db/DomSampleDb.java

@@ -1,17 +1,28 @@
 package nu.marginalia.domsample.db;
 
 import nu.marginalia.WmsaHome;
+import nu.marginalia.model.EdgeUrl;
+import org.apache.commons.lang3.StringUtils;
 import org.jsoup.Jsoup;
+import org.slf4j.Logger;
+import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
 
+import java.net.URI;
+import java.net.URISyntaxException;
 import java.nio.file.Path;
 import java.sql.Connection;
 import java.sql.DriverManager;
 import java.sql.SQLException;
-import java.util.*;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.HashSet;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Set;
+import java.util.function.Predicate;
 
 public class DomSampleDb implements AutoCloseable {
     private static final String dbFileName = "dom-sample.db";
     private final Connection connection;
+    private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(DomSampleDb.class);
 
     public DomSampleDb() throws SQLException{
         this(WmsaHome.getDataPath().resolve(dbFileName));
@@ -88,14 +99,78 @@ public class DomSampleDb implements AutoCloseable {
     }
 
 
-    public record Sample(String url, String domain, String sample, String requests, boolean acceptedPopover) {}
+    public record Sample(String url, String domain, String sample, String requests, boolean acceptedPopover) {
+
+        public List<SampleRequest> parseRequests() {
+            List<SampleRequest> requests = new ArrayList<>();
+
+            // Request format is METHOD\tTIMESTAMP\tURI\n
+
+            for (var line : StringUtils.split(this.requests, '\n')) {
+                String[] parts = StringUtils.split(line, "\t", 3);
+                if (parts.length != 3) continue;
+
+                try {
+                    String method =  parts[0];
+                    long ts = Long.parseLong(parts[1]);
+                    String linkUrl = parts[2];
+
+                    URI uri = parseURI(linkUrl);
+
+                    requests.add(new SampleRequest(method, ts, uri));
+                }
+                catch (Exception e) {
+                    logger.warn("Failed to parse requests", e);
+                }
+            }
+
+            return requests;
+        }
+
+
+        private static URI parseURI(String uri) throws URISyntaxException {
+            try {
+                return new URI(uri);
+            }
+            catch (URISyntaxException ex) {
+                return new EdgeUrl(uri).asURI();
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    public record SampleRequest(String method, long timestamp, URI uri) {}
+
+    /**
+     * @param consumer - consume the sample, return true to continue consumption
+     * @throws SQLException
+     */
+    public void forEachSample(Predicate<Sample> consumer) throws SQLException {
+        try (var stmt = connection.prepareStatement("""
+                SELECT url, domain, sample, requests, accepted_popover
+                FROM samples
+                """))
+        {
+            var rs = stmt.executeQuery();
+            while (rs.next()) {
+                var sample = new Sample(
+                        rs.getString("url"),
+                        rs.getString("domain"),
+                        rs.getString("sample"),
+                        rs.getString("requests"),
+                        rs.getBoolean("accepted_popover")
+                );
+
+                if (!consumer.test(sample)) break;
+            }
+        }
+    }
 
     public List<Sample> getSamples(String domain) throws SQLException {
         List<Sample> samples = new ArrayList<>();
 
         try (var stmt = connection.prepareStatement("""
                 SELECT url, sample, requests, accepted_popover
-                FROM samples 
+                FROM samples
                 WHERE domain = ?
                 """))
         {
@@ -116,6 +191,21 @@ public class DomSampleDb implements AutoCloseable {
         return samples;
     }
 
+
+    public boolean hasSample(String domain) throws SQLException {
+
+        try (var stmt = connection.prepareStatement("""
+                SELECT 1
+                FROM samples
+                WHERE domain = ?
+                """))
+        {
+            stmt.setString(1, domain);
+            var rs = stmt.executeQuery();
+            return rs.next();
+        }
+    }
+
     public void saveSample(String domain, String url, String rawContent) throws SQLException {
         var doc = Jsoup.parse(rawContent);
 

code/functions/live-capture/java/nu/marginalia/rss/svc/FeedsGrpcService.java

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 package nu.marginalia.rss.svc;
 
 import com.google.inject.Inject;
+import io.grpc.Status;
 import io.grpc.stub.StreamObserver;
 import nu.marginalia.api.feeds.*;
 import nu.marginalia.db.DbDomainQueries;
@@ -69,7 +70,7 @@ public class FeedsGrpcService extends FeedApiGrpc.FeedApiImplBase implements Dis
     @Override
     public void getFeedDataHash(Empty request, StreamObserver<RpcFeedDataHash> responseObserver) {
         if (!feedDb.isEnabled()) {
-            responseObserver.onError(new IllegalStateException("Feed database is disabled on this node"));
+            responseObserver.onError(Status.INTERNAL.withDescription("Feed database is disabled on this node").asRuntimeException());
             return;
         }
 
@@ -80,7 +81,7 @@ public class FeedsGrpcService extends FeedApiGrpc.FeedApiImplBase implements Dis
         }
         catch (Exception e) {
             logger.error("Error getting feed data hash", e);
-            responseObserver.onError(e);
+            responseObserver.onError(Status.INTERNAL.withCause(e).asRuntimeException());
         }
     }
 
@@ -101,7 +102,7 @@ public class FeedsGrpcService extends FeedApiGrpc.FeedApiImplBase implements Dis
         }
         catch (Exception e) {
             logger.error("Error getting updated links", e);
-            responseObserver.onError(e);
+            responseObserver.onError(Status.INTERNAL.withCause(e).asRuntimeException());
         }
     }
 
@@ -109,13 +110,13 @@ public class FeedsGrpcService extends FeedApiGrpc.FeedApiImplBase implements Dis
     public void getFeed(RpcDomainId request,
                         StreamObserver<RpcFeed> responseObserver) {
         if (!feedDb.isEnabled()) {
-            responseObserver.onError(new IllegalStateException("Feed database is disabled on this node"));
+            responseObserver.onError(Status.INTERNAL.withDescription("Feed database is disabled on this node").asRuntimeException());
             return;
         }
 
         Optional<EdgeDomain> domainName = domainQueries.getDomain(request.getDomainId());
         if (domainName.isEmpty()) {
-            responseObserver.onError(new IllegalArgumentException("Domain not found"));
+            responseObserver.onError(Status.NOT_FOUND.withDescription("Domain not found").asRuntimeException());
             return;
         }
 

code/functions/live-capture/test/nu/marginalia/rss/svc/FeedFetcherServiceTest.java

@@ -87,7 +87,7 @@ class FeedFetcherServiceTest extends AbstractModule {
         bind(DomainCoordinator.class).to(LocalDomainCoordinator.class);
         bind(HikariDataSource.class).toInstance(dataSource);
         bind(ServiceRegistryIf.class).toInstance(Mockito.mock(ServiceRegistryIf.class));
-        bind(ServiceConfiguration.class).toInstance(new ServiceConfiguration(ServiceId.Executor, 1, "", "", 0, UUID.randomUUID()));
+        bind(ServiceConfiguration.class).toInstance(new ServiceConfiguration(ServiceId.Index, 1, "", "", 0, UUID.randomUUID()));
         bind(Integer.class).annotatedWith(Names.named("wmsa-system-node")).toInstance(1);
     }
 

code/functions/math/api/java/nu/marginalia/api/math/MathClient.java

@@ -26,7 +26,9 @@ public class MathClient {
     private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(MathClient.class);
 
     private final GrpcSingleNodeChannelPool<MathApiGrpc.MathApiBlockingStub> channelPool;
-    private final ExecutorService executor = Executors.newWorkStealingPool(8);
+
+    private static final boolean useLoom = Boolean.getBoolean("system.experimentalUseLoom");
+    private static final ExecutorService executor = useLoom ? Executors.newVirtualThreadPerTaskExecutor() : Executors.newWorkStealingPool(8);
 
     @Inject
     public MathClient(GrpcChannelPoolFactory factory) {

code/functions/search-query/api/java/nu/marginalia/api/searchquery/QueryProtobufCodec.java

@@ -304,7 +304,6 @@ public class QueryProtobufCodec {
                 IndexProtobufCodec.convertRpcQuery(specs.getQuery()),
                 specs.getDomainsList(),
                 specs.getSearchSetIdentifier(),
-                specs.getHumanQuery(),
                 IndexProtobufCodec.convertSpecLimit(specs.getQuality()),
                 IndexProtobufCodec.convertSpecLimit(specs.getYear()),
                 IndexProtobufCodec.convertSpecLimit(specs.getSize()),

code/functions/search-query/api/java/nu/marginalia/api/searchquery/model/query/SearchSpecification.java

@@ -18,8 +18,6 @@ public class SearchSpecification {
 
     public String searchSetIdentifier;
 
-    public final String humanQuery;
-
     public SpecificationLimit quality;
     public SpecificationLimit year;
     public SpecificationLimit size;
@@ -35,7 +33,6 @@ public class SearchSpecification {
     public SearchSpecification(SearchQuery query,
                                List<Integer> domains,
                                String searchSetIdentifier,
-                               String humanQuery,
                                SpecificationLimit quality,
                                SpecificationLimit year,
                                SpecificationLimit size,
@@ -47,7 +44,6 @@ public class SearchSpecification {
         this.query = query;
         this.domains = domains;
         this.searchSetIdentifier = searchSetIdentifier;
-        this.humanQuery = humanQuery;
         this.quality = quality;
         this.year = year;
         this.size = size;
@@ -73,10 +69,6 @@ public class SearchSpecification {
         return this.searchSetIdentifier;
     }
 
-    public String getHumanQuery() {
-        return this.humanQuery;
-    }
-
     public SpecificationLimit getQuality() {
         return this.quality;
     }
@@ -106,14 +98,13 @@ public class SearchSpecification {
     }
 
     public String toString() {
-        return "SearchSpecification(query=" + this.getQuery() + ", domains=" + this.getDomains() + ", searchSetIdentifier=" + this.getSearchSetIdentifier() + ", humanQuery=" + this.getHumanQuery() + ", quality=" + this.getQuality() + ", year=" + this.getYear() + ", size=" + this.getSize() + ", rank=" + this.getRank() + ", queryLimits=" + this.getQueryLimits() + ", queryStrategy=" + this.getQueryStrategy() + ", rankingParams=" + this.getRankingParams() + ")";
+        return "SearchSpecification(query=" + this.getQuery() + ", domains=" + this.getDomains() + ", searchSetIdentifier=" + this.getSearchSetIdentifier() + ", quality=" + this.getQuality() + ", year=" + this.getYear() + ", size=" + this.getSize() + ", rank=" + this.getRank() + ", queryLimits=" + this.getQueryLimits() + ", queryStrategy=" + this.getQueryStrategy() + ", rankingParams=" + this.getRankingParams() + ")";
     }
 
     public static class SearchSpecificationBuilder {
         private SearchQuery query;
         private List<Integer> domains;
         private String searchSetIdentifier;
-        private String humanQuery;
         private SpecificationLimit quality$value;
         private boolean quality$set;
         private SpecificationLimit year$value;
@@ -144,11 +135,6 @@ public class SearchSpecification {
             return this;
         }
 
-        public SearchSpecificationBuilder humanQuery(String humanQuery) {
-            this.humanQuery = humanQuery;
-            return this;
-        }
-
         public SearchSpecificationBuilder quality(SpecificationLimit quality) {
             this.quality$value = quality;
             this.quality$set = true;
@@ -205,11 +191,7 @@ public class SearchSpecification {
             if (!this.rank$set) {
                 rank$value = SpecificationLimit.none();
             }
-            return new SearchSpecification(this.query, this.domains, this.searchSetIdentifier, this.humanQuery, quality$value, year$value, size$value, rank$value, this.queryLimits, this.queryStrategy, this.rankingParams);
-        }
-
-        public String toString() {
-            return "SearchSpecification.SearchSpecificationBuilder(query=" + this.query + ", domains=" + this.domains + ", searchSetIdentifier=" + this.searchSetIdentifier + ", humanQuery=" + this.humanQuery + ", quality$value=" + this.quality$value + ", year$value=" + this.year$value + ", size$value=" + this.size$value + ", rank$value=" + this.rank$value + ", queryLimits=" + this.queryLimits + ", queryStrategy=" + this.queryStrategy + ", rankingParams=" + this.rankingParams + ")";
+            return new SearchSpecification(this.query, this.domains, this.searchSetIdentifier, quality$value, year$value, size$value, rank$value, this.queryLimits, this.queryStrategy, this.rankingParams);
         }
     }
 }

code/functions/search-query/api/java/nu/marginalia/api/searchquery/model/results/ResultRankingContext.java

@@ -1,56 +0,0 @@
-package nu.marginalia.api.searchquery.model.results;
-
-import nu.marginalia.api.searchquery.RpcResultRankingParameters;
-import nu.marginalia.api.searchquery.model.compiled.CqDataInt;
-
-import java.util.BitSet;
-
-public class ResultRankingContext {
-    private final int docCount;
-    public final RpcResultRankingParameters params;
-
-
-    public final BitSet regularMask;
-    public final BitSet ngramsMask;
-
-    /** CqDataInt associated with frequency information of the terms in the query
-     * in the full index.  The dataset is indexed by the compiled query. */
-    public final CqDataInt fullCounts;
-
-    /** CqDataInt associated with frequency information of the terms in the query
-     * in the full index.  The dataset is indexed by the compiled query. */
-    public final CqDataInt priorityCounts;
-
-    public ResultRankingContext(int docCount,
-                                RpcResultRankingParameters params,
-                                BitSet ngramsMask,
-                                BitSet regularMask,
-                                CqDataInt fullCounts,
-                                CqDataInt prioCounts)
-    {
-        this.docCount = docCount;
-        this.params = params;
-
-        this.ngramsMask = ngramsMask;
-        this.regularMask = regularMask;
-
-        this.fullCounts = fullCounts;
-        this.priorityCounts = prioCounts;
-    }
-
-    public int termFreqDocCount() {
-        return docCount;
-    }
-
-    @Override
-    public String toString() {
-        return "ResultRankingContext{" +
-                "docCount=" + docCount +
-                ", params=" + params +
-                ", regularMask=" + regularMask +
-                ", ngramsMask=" + ngramsMask +
-                ", fullCounts=" + fullCounts +
-                ", priorityCounts=" + priorityCounts +
-                '}';
-    }
-}

code/functions/search-query/java/nu/marginalia/functions/searchquery/QueryFactory.java

@@ -34,8 +34,6 @@ public class QueryFactory {
         this.queryExpansion = queryExpansion;
     }
 
-
-
     public ProcessedQuery createQuery(QueryParams params,
                                       @Nullable RpcResultRankingParameters rankingParams) {
         final var query = params.humanQuery();
@@ -153,7 +151,6 @@ public class QueryFactory {
 
         var specsBuilder = SearchSpecification.builder()
                 .query(queryBuilder.build())
-                .humanQuery(query)
                 .quality(qualityLimit)
                 .year(year)
                 .size(size)

code/functions/search-query/java/nu/marginalia/functions/searchquery/QueryGRPCService.java

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ package nu.marginalia.functions.searchquery;
 import com.google.common.collect.Lists;
 import com.google.inject.Inject;
 import com.google.inject.Singleton;
+import io.grpc.Status;
 import io.grpc.stub.StreamObserver;
 import io.prometheus.client.Histogram;
 import nu.marginalia.api.searchquery.*;
@@ -93,7 +94,7 @@ public class QueryGRPCService
             });
         } catch (Exception e) {
             logger.error("Exception", e);
-            responseObserver.onError(e);
+            responseObserver.onError(Status.INTERNAL.withCause(e).asRuntimeException());
         }
     }
 

code/functions/search-query/test/nu/marginalia/query/svc/QueryFactoryTest.java

@@ -241,7 +241,6 @@ public class QueryFactoryTest {
 
         Assertions.assertTrue(subquery.query.compiledQuery.contains(" bob "));
         Assertions.assertFalse(subquery.query.compiledQuery.contains(" bob's "));
-        Assertions.assertEquals("\"bob's cars\"", subquery.humanQuery);
     }
 
     @Test

code/index/api/java/nu/marginalia/index/api/IndexClient.java

@@ -38,7 +38,9 @@ public class IndexClient {
             .help("Count of results filtered by NSFW tier")
             .register();
 
-    private static final ExecutorService executor = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();
+
+    private static final boolean useLoom = Boolean.getBoolean("system.experimentalUseLoom");
+    private static final ExecutorService executor = useLoom ? Executors.newVirtualThreadPerTaskExecutor() : Executors.newCachedThreadPool();
 
     @Inject
     public IndexClient(GrpcChannelPoolFactory channelPoolFactory,

code/index/index-forward/build.gradle

@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ apply from: "$rootProject.projectDir/srcsets.gradle"
 
 dependencies {
     implementation project(':code:libraries:array')
+    implementation project(':code:libraries:native')
     implementation project(':code:libraries:btree')
     implementation project(':code:libraries:coded-sequence')
     implementation project(':code:libraries:language-processing')

code/index/index-forward/java/nu/marginalia/index/forward/ForwardIndexReader.java

@@ -1,9 +1,11 @@
 package nu.marginalia.index.forward;
 
+import it.unimi.dsi.fastutil.longs.Long2IntOpenHashMap;
 import nu.marginalia.array.LongArray;
 import nu.marginalia.array.LongArrayFactory;
+import nu.marginalia.ffi.LinuxSystemCalls;
 import nu.marginalia.index.forward.spans.DocumentSpans;
-import nu.marginalia.index.forward.spans.ForwardIndexSpansReader;
+import nu.marginalia.index.forward.spans.IndexSpansReader;
 import nu.marginalia.model.id.UrlIdCodec;
 import org.slf4j.Logger;
 import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
@@ -22,16 +24,15 @@ import static nu.marginalia.index.forward.ForwardIndexParameters.*;
  * and a mapping between document identifiers to the index into the
  * data array.
  * <p/>
- * Since the total data is relatively small, this is kept in memory to
- * reduce the amount of disk thrashing.
- * <p/>
  * The metadata is a binary encoding of {@see nu.marginalia.idx.DocumentMetadata}
  */
 public class ForwardIndexReader {
     private final LongArray ids;
     private final LongArray data;
 
-    private final ForwardIndexSpansReader spansReader;
+    private volatile Long2IntOpenHashMap idsMap;
+
+    private final IndexSpansReader spansReader;
 
     private final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(getClass());
 
@@ -64,7 +65,22 @@ public class ForwardIndexReader {
 
         ids = loadIds(idsFile);
         data = loadData(dataFile);
-        spansReader = new ForwardIndexSpansReader(spansFile);
+
+        LinuxSystemCalls.madviseRandom(data.getMemorySegment());
+        LinuxSystemCalls.madviseRandom(ids.getMemorySegment());
+
+        spansReader = IndexSpansReader.open(spansFile);
+
+        Thread.ofPlatform().start(this::createIdsMap);
+    }
+
+    private void createIdsMap() {
+        Long2IntOpenHashMap idsMap = new Long2IntOpenHashMap((int) ids.size());
+        for (int i = 0; i < ids.size(); i++) {
+            idsMap.put(ids.get(i), i);
+        }
+        this.idsMap = idsMap;
+        logger.info("Forward index loaded into RAM");
     }
 
     private static LongArray loadIds(Path idsFile) throws IOException {
@@ -106,7 +122,11 @@ public class ForwardIndexReader {
     private int idxForDoc(long docId) {
         assert UrlIdCodec.getRank(docId) == 0 : "Forward Index Reader fed dirty reverse index id";
 
-        long offset = ids.binarySearch(docId, 0, ids.size());
+        if (idsMap != null) {
+            return idsMap.getOrDefault(docId, -1);
+        }
+
+        long offset = ids.binarySearch2(docId, 0, ids.size());
 
         if (offset >= ids.size() || offset < 0 || ids.get(offset) != docId) {
             if (getClass().desiredAssertionStatus()) {
@@ -118,22 +138,27 @@ public class ForwardIndexReader {
         return (int) offset;
     }
 
-    public DocumentSpans getDocumentSpans(Arena arena, long docId) {
-        long offset = idxForDoc(docId);
-        if (offset < 0) return new DocumentSpans();
-
-        long encodedOffset = data.get(ENTRY_SIZE * offset + SPANS_OFFSET);
+    public DocumentSpans[] getDocumentSpans(Arena arena, long[] docIds) {
+        long[] offsets = new long[docIds.length];
+        for (int i = 0; i < docIds.length; i++) {
+            long offset = idxForDoc(docIds[i]);
+            if (offset >= 0) {
+                offsets[i] = data.get(ENTRY_SIZE * offset + SPANS_OFFSET);
+            }
+            else {
+                offsets[i] = -1;
+            }
+        }
 
         try {
-            return spansReader.readSpans(arena, encodedOffset);
+            return spansReader.readSpans(arena, offsets);
         }
         catch (IOException ex) {
-            logger.error("Failed to read spans for doc " + docId, ex);
-            return new DocumentSpans();
+            logger.error("Failed to read spans for docIds", ex);
+            return new DocumentSpans[docIds.length];
         }
     }
 
-
     public int totalDocCount() {
         return (int) ids.size();
     }
@@ -141,6 +166,8 @@ public class ForwardIndexReader {
     public void close() {
         if (data != null)
             data.close();
+        if (ids != null)
+            ids.close();
     }
 
     public boolean isLoaded() {

code/index/index-forward/java/nu/marginalia/index/forward/construction/ForwardIndexConverter.java

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ import nu.marginalia.array.LongArray;
 import nu.marginalia.array.LongArrayFactory;
 import nu.marginalia.index.domainrankings.DomainRankings;
 import nu.marginalia.index.forward.ForwardIndexParameters;
-import nu.marginalia.index.forward.spans.ForwardIndexSpansWriter;
+import nu.marginalia.index.forward.spans.IndexSpansWriter;
 import nu.marginalia.index.journal.IndexJournal;
 import nu.marginalia.model.id.UrlIdCodec;
 import nu.marginalia.model.idx.DocumentMetadata;
@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ public class ForwardIndexConverter {
         logger.info("Domain Rankings size = {}", domainRankings.size());
 
         try (var progress = heartbeat.createProcessTaskHeartbeat(TaskSteps.class, "forwardIndexConverter");
-             var spansWriter = new ForwardIndexSpansWriter(outputFileSpansData)
+             var spansWriter = new IndexSpansWriter(outputFileSpansData)
         ) {
             progress.progress(TaskSteps.GET_DOC_IDS);
 

code/index/index-forward/java/nu/marginalia/index/forward/spans/DocumentSpan.java

@@ -11,6 +11,9 @@ public class DocumentSpan {
     /** A list of the interlaced start and end positions of each span in the document of this type */
     private final IntList startsEnds;
 
+    public DocumentSpan(IntList startsEnds) {
+        this.startsEnds = startsEnds;
+    }
     public DocumentSpan(CodedSequence startsEnds) {
         this.startsEnds = startsEnds.values();
     }

code/index/index-forward/java/nu/marginalia/index/forward/spans/DocumentSpans.java

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 package nu.marginalia.index.forward.spans;
 
+import it.unimi.dsi.fastutil.ints.IntList;
 import nu.marginalia.language.sentence.tag.HtmlTag;
 import nu.marginalia.sequence.CodedSequence;
 
@@ -39,6 +40,23 @@ public class DocumentSpans {
         return EMPTY_SPAN;
     }
 
+    void accept(byte code, IntList positions) {
+        if (code == HtmlTag.HEADING.code)
+            this.heading = new DocumentSpan(positions);
+        else if (code == HtmlTag.TITLE.code)
+            this.title = new DocumentSpan(positions);
+        else if (code == HtmlTag.NAV.code)
+            this.nav = new DocumentSpan(positions);
+        else if (code == HtmlTag.CODE.code)
+            this.code = new DocumentSpan(positions);
+        else if (code == HtmlTag.ANCHOR.code)
+            this.anchor = new DocumentSpan(positions);
+        else if (code == HtmlTag.EXTERNAL_LINKTEXT.code)
+            this.externalLinkText = new DocumentSpan(positions);
+        else if (code == HtmlTag.BODY.code)
+            this.body = new DocumentSpan(positions);
+    }
+
     void accept(byte code, CodedSequence positions) {
         if (code == HtmlTag.HEADING.code)
             this.heading = new DocumentSpan(positions);

code/index/index-forward/java/nu/marginalia/index/forward/spans/IndexSpansReader.java

@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+package nu.marginalia.index.forward.spans;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.lang.foreign.Arena;
+import java.nio.file.Path;
+
+public interface IndexSpansReader extends AutoCloseable {
+    DocumentSpans readSpans(Arena arena, long encodedOffset) throws IOException;
+    DocumentSpans[] readSpans(Arena arena, long[] encodedOffsets) throws IOException;
+
+    static IndexSpansReader open(Path fileName) throws IOException {
+        int version = SpansCodec.parseSpanFilesFooter(fileName);
+        if (version == SpansCodec.SpansCodecVersion.COMPRESSED.ordinal()) {
+            return new IndexSpansReaderCompressed(fileName);
+        }
+        else if (version == SpansCodec.SpansCodecVersion.PLAIN.ordinal()) {
+            return new IndexSpansReaderPlain(fileName);
+        }
+        else {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unsupported spans file version: " + version);
+        }
+    }
+
+    void close() throws IOException;
+}

code/index/index-forward/java/nu/marginalia/index/forward/spans/IndexSpansReaderCompressed.java

@@ -10,11 +10,11 @@ import java.nio.file.Files;
 import java.nio.file.Path;
 import java.nio.file.StandardOpenOption;
 
-@SuppressWarnings("preview")
-public class ForwardIndexSpansReader implements AutoCloseable {
+@Deprecated
+public class IndexSpansReaderCompressed implements AutoCloseable, IndexSpansReader {
     private final FileChannel spansFileChannel;
 
-    public ForwardIndexSpansReader(Path spansFile) throws IOException {
+    public IndexSpansReaderCompressed(Path spansFile) throws IOException {
         this.spansFileChannel = (FileChannel) Files.newByteChannel(spansFile, StandardOpenOption.READ);
     }
 
@@ -51,6 +51,17 @@ public class ForwardIndexSpansReader implements AutoCloseable {
         return ret;
     }
 
+    @Override
+    public DocumentSpans[] readSpans(Arena arena, long[] encodedOffsets) throws IOException {
+        DocumentSpans[] ret = new DocumentSpans[encodedOffsets.length];
+        for (int i = 0; i < encodedOffsets.length; i++) {
+            if (encodedOffsets[i] >= 0) {
+                ret[i] = readSpans(arena, encodedOffsets[i]);
+            }
+        }
+        return ret;
+    }
+
     @Override
     public void close() throws IOException {
         spansFileChannel.close();

code/index/index-forward/java/nu/marginalia/index/forward/spans/IndexSpansReaderPlain.java

@@ -0,0 +1,106 @@
+package nu.marginalia.index.forward.spans;
+
+import it.unimi.dsi.fastutil.ints.IntArrayList;
+import nu.marginalia.uring.UringFileReader;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.lang.foreign.Arena;
+import java.lang.foreign.MemorySegment;
+import java.lang.foreign.ValueLayout;
+import java.nio.file.Files;
+import java.nio.file.Path;
+import java.util.List;
+
+public class IndexSpansReaderPlain implements IndexSpansReader {
+    private final UringFileReader uringReader;
+
+    public IndexSpansReaderPlain(Path spansFile) throws IOException {
+        if (Boolean.getBoolean("index.directModePositionsSpans")) {
+            if ((Files.size(spansFile) & 4095) != 0) {
+                throw new IllegalArgumentException("Spans file is not block aligned in size: " + Files.size(spansFile));
+            }
+
+            uringReader = new UringFileReader(spansFile,  true);
+        }
+        else {
+            uringReader = new UringFileReader(spansFile,  false);
+            uringReader.fadviseWillneed();
+        }
+
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public DocumentSpans readSpans(Arena arena, long encodedOffset) throws IOException {
+        // for testing, slow
+        return readSpans(arena, new long[] { encodedOffset})[0];
+    }
+
+    public DocumentSpans decode(MemorySegment ms) {
+        int count = ms.get(ValueLayout.JAVA_INT, 0);
+        int pos = 4;
+        DocumentSpans ret = new DocumentSpans();
+
+        // Decode each span
+        for (int spanIdx = 0; spanIdx < count; spanIdx++) {
+            byte code = ms.get(ValueLayout.JAVA_BYTE, pos);
+            short len = ms.get(ValueLayout.JAVA_SHORT, pos+2);
+
+            IntArrayList values = new IntArrayList(len);
+
+            pos += 4;
+            for (int i = 0; i < len; i++) {
+                values.add(ms.get(ValueLayout.JAVA_INT, pos + 4*i));
+            }
+            ret.accept(code, values);
+            pos += 4*len;
+        }
+
+        return ret;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public DocumentSpans[] readSpans(Arena arena, long[] encodedOffsets) {
+
+        int readCnt = 0;
+        for (long offset : encodedOffsets) {
+            if (offset < 0)
+                continue;
+            readCnt ++;
+        }
+
+        if (readCnt == 0) {
+            return new DocumentSpans[encodedOffsets.length];
+        }
+
+        long[] offsets = new long[readCnt];
+        int[] sizes = new int[readCnt];
+
+        for (int idx = 0, j = 0; idx < encodedOffsets.length; idx++) {
+            if (encodedOffsets[idx] < 0)
+                continue;
+            long offset = encodedOffsets[idx];
+
+            offsets[j] = SpansCodec.decodeStartOffset(offset);
+            sizes[j] = SpansCodec.decodeSize(offset);
+            j++;
+        }
+
+        List<MemorySegment> buffers = uringReader.readUnaligned(arena, offsets, sizes, 4096);
+
+        DocumentSpans[] ret = new DocumentSpans[encodedOffsets.length];
+
+        for (int idx = 0, j = 0; idx < encodedOffsets.length; idx++) {
+            if (encodedOffsets[idx] < 0)
+                continue;
+            ret[idx] = decode(buffers.get(j++));
+        }
+
+        return ret;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void close() throws IOException {
+        uringReader.close();
+    }
+
+}

code/index/index-forward/java/nu/marginalia/index/forward/spans/IndexSpansWriter.java

@@ -1,20 +1,23 @@
 package nu.marginalia.index.forward.spans;
 
+import nu.marginalia.sequence.VarintCodedSequence;
+
 import java.io.IOException;
 import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
+import java.nio.ByteOrder;
 import java.nio.channels.FileChannel;
 import java.nio.file.Files;
 import java.nio.file.Path;
 import java.nio.file.StandardOpenOption;
 
-public class ForwardIndexSpansWriter implements AutoCloseable {
+public class IndexSpansWriter implements AutoCloseable {
     private final FileChannel outputChannel;
-    private final ByteBuffer work = ByteBuffer.allocate(32);
+    private final ByteBuffer work = ByteBuffer.allocate(4*1024*1024).order(ByteOrder.nativeOrder());
 
     private long stateStartOffset = -1;
     private int stateLength = -1;
 
-    public ForwardIndexSpansWriter(Path outputFileSpansData) throws IOException {
+    public IndexSpansWriter(Path outputFileSpansData) throws IOException {
         this.outputChannel = (FileChannel) Files.newByteChannel(outputFileSpansData, StandardOpenOption.READ, StandardOpenOption.WRITE, StandardOpenOption.CREATE);
     }
 
@@ -23,7 +26,7 @@ public class ForwardIndexSpansWriter implements AutoCloseable {
         stateLength = 0;
 
         work.clear();
-        work.put((byte) count);
+        work.putInt(count);
         work.flip();
 
         while (work.hasRemaining())
@@ -33,12 +36,17 @@ public class ForwardIndexSpansWriter implements AutoCloseable {
     public void writeSpan(byte spanCode, ByteBuffer sequenceData) throws IOException {
         work.clear();
         work.put(spanCode);
-        work.putShort((short) sequenceData.remaining());
+        work.put((byte) 0); // Ensure we're byte aligned
+        var sequence = new VarintCodedSequence(sequenceData);
+        work.putShort((short) sequence.valueCount());
+
+        var iter = sequence.iterator();
+        while (iter.hasNext()) {
+            work.putInt(iter.nextInt());
+        }
         work.flip();
 
-        while (work.hasRemaining() || sequenceData.hasRemaining()) {
-            stateLength += (int) outputChannel.write(new ByteBuffer[]{work, sequenceData});
-        }
+        stateLength += outputChannel.write(work);
     }
 
     public long endRecord() {
@@ -47,6 +55,11 @@ public class ForwardIndexSpansWriter implements AutoCloseable {
 
     @Override
     public void close() throws IOException {
+        ByteBuffer footer = SpansCodec.createSpanFilesFooter(SpansCodec.SpansCodecVersion.PLAIN, (int) (4096 - (outputChannel.position() & 4095)));
+        outputChannel.position(outputChannel.size());
+        while (footer.hasRemaining()) {
+            outputChannel.write(footer, outputChannel.size());
+        }
         outputChannel.close();
     }
 }

code/index/index-forward/java/nu/marginalia/index/forward/spans/SpansCodec.java

@@ -1,6 +1,21 @@
 package nu.marginalia.index.forward.spans;
 
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
+import java.nio.channels.FileChannel;
+import java.nio.file.Path;
+import java.nio.file.StandardOpenOption;
+
 public class SpansCodec {
+    public static int MAGIC_INT = 0xF000F000;
+    public static int FOOTER_SIZE = 8;
+
+    public enum SpansCodecVersion {
+        @Deprecated
+        COMPRESSED,
+        PLAIN
+    }
+
     public static long encode(long startOffset, long size) {
         assert size < 0x1000_0000L : "Size must be less than 2^28";
 
@@ -11,7 +26,39 @@ public class SpansCodec {
         return encoded >>> 28;
     }
 
-    public static long decodeSize(long encoded) {
-        return encoded & 0x0FFF_FFFFL;
+    public static int decodeSize(long encoded) {
+        return (int) (encoded & 0x0FFF_FFFFL);
+    }
+
+    public static ByteBuffer createSpanFilesFooter(SpansCodecVersion version, int padSize) {
+        if (padSize < FOOTER_SIZE) {
+            padSize += 4096;
+        }
+
+        ByteBuffer footer = ByteBuffer.allocate(padSize);
+        footer.position(padSize - FOOTER_SIZE);
+        footer.putInt(SpansCodec.MAGIC_INT);
+        footer.put((byte) version.ordinal());
+        footer.put((byte) 0);
+        footer.put((byte) 0);
+        footer.put((byte) 0);
+        footer.flip();
+        return footer;
+    }
+
+    public static int parseSpanFilesFooter(Path spansFile) throws IOException {
+        ByteBuffer buffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(FOOTER_SIZE);
+
+        try (var fc = FileChannel.open(spansFile, StandardOpenOption.READ)) {
+            if (fc.size() < FOOTER_SIZE) return 0;
+            fc.read(buffer, fc.size() - buffer.capacity());
+            buffer.flip();
+            int magic = buffer.getInt();
+            if (magic != MAGIC_INT) {
+                return 0;
+            }
+            return buffer.get();
+        }
+
     }
 }

code/index/index-forward/test/nu/marginalia/index/forward/IndexSpansReaderTest.java

@@ -1,8 +1,9 @@
 package nu.marginalia.index.forward;
 
 import it.unimi.dsi.fastutil.ints.IntList;
-import nu.marginalia.index.forward.spans.ForwardIndexSpansReader;
-import nu.marginalia.index.forward.spans.ForwardIndexSpansWriter;
+import nu.marginalia.index.forward.spans.IndexSpansReader;
+import nu.marginalia.index.forward.spans.IndexSpansReaderPlain;
+import nu.marginalia.index.forward.spans.IndexSpansWriter;
 import nu.marginalia.language.sentence.tag.HtmlTag;
 import nu.marginalia.sequence.VarintCodedSequence;
 import org.junit.jupiter.api.AfterEach;
@@ -17,10 +18,10 @@ import java.nio.file.Path;
 
 import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.*;
 
-class ForwardIndexSpansReaderTest {
+class IndexSpansReaderTest {
     Path testFile = Files.createTempFile("test", ".idx");
 
-    ForwardIndexSpansReaderTest() throws IOException {
+    IndexSpansReaderTest() throws IOException {
     }
 
     @AfterEach
@@ -34,7 +35,7 @@ class ForwardIndexSpansReaderTest {
 
         long offset1;
         long offset2;
-        try (var writer = new ForwardIndexSpansWriter(testFile)) {
+        try (var writer = new IndexSpansWriter(testFile)) {
             writer.beginRecord(1);
             writer.writeSpan(HtmlTag.HEADING.code, VarintCodedSequence.generate(1, 3, 5, 8).buffer());
             offset1 = writer.endRecord();
@@ -46,7 +47,7 @@ class ForwardIndexSpansReaderTest {
             offset2 = writer.endRecord();
         }
 
-        try (var reader = new ForwardIndexSpansReader(testFile);
+        try (var reader = IndexSpansReader.open(testFile);
              var arena = Arena.ofConfined()
         ) {
             var spans1 = reader.readSpans(arena, offset1);
@@ -77,13 +78,13 @@ class ForwardIndexSpansReaderTest {
     @Test
     void testContainsRange() throws IOException {
         long offset1;
-        try (var writer = new ForwardIndexSpansWriter(testFile)) {
+        try (var writer = new IndexSpansWriter(testFile)) {
             writer.beginRecord(1);
             writer.writeSpan(HtmlTag.HEADING.code, VarintCodedSequence.generate( 1, 2, 10, 15, 20, 25).buffer());
             offset1 = writer.endRecord();
         }
 
-        try (var reader = new ForwardIndexSpansReader(testFile);
+        try (var reader = new IndexSpansReaderPlain(testFile);
              var arena = Arena.ofConfined()
         ) {
             var spans1 = reader.readSpans(arena, offset1);
@@ -104,13 +105,13 @@ class ForwardIndexSpansReaderTest {
     @Test
     void testContainsRangeExact() throws IOException {
         long offset1;
-        try (var writer = new ForwardIndexSpansWriter(testFile)) {
+        try (var writer = new IndexSpansWriter(testFile)) {
             writer.beginRecord(1);
             writer.writeSpan(HtmlTag.HEADING.code, VarintCodedSequence.generate( 1, 2, 10, 15, 20, 25).buffer());
             offset1 = writer.endRecord();
         }
 
-        try (var reader = new ForwardIndexSpansReader(testFile);
+        try (var reader = new IndexSpansReaderPlain(testFile);
              var arena = Arena.ofConfined()
         ) {
             var spans1 = reader.readSpans(arena, offset1);
@@ -131,13 +132,13 @@ class ForwardIndexSpansReaderTest {
     @Test
     void testCountRangeMatches() throws IOException {
         long offset1;
-        try (var writer = new ForwardIndexSpansWriter(testFile)) {
+        try (var writer = new IndexSpansWriter(testFile)) {
             writer.beginRecord(1);
             writer.writeSpan(HtmlTag.HEADING.code, VarintCodedSequence.generate( 1, 2, 10, 15, 20, 25).buffer());
             offset1 = writer.endRecord();
         }
 
-        try (var reader = new ForwardIndexSpansReader(testFile);
+        try (var reader = new IndexSpansReaderPlain(testFile);
              var arena = Arena.ofConfined()
         ) {
             var spans1 = reader.readSpans(arena, offset1);

code/index/index-perftest/build.gradle

@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+plugins {
+    id 'java'
+    id 'application'
+    id 'jvm-test-suite'
+}
+
+java {
+    toolchain {
+        languageVersion.set(JavaLanguageVersion.of(rootProject.ext.jvmVersion))
+    }
+}
+
+application {
+    mainClass = 'nu.marginalia.index.perftest.PerfTestMain'
+}
+
+apply from: "$rootProject.projectDir/srcsets.gradle"
+
+dependencies {
+    implementation project(':code:common:config')
+    implementation project(':code:common:db')
+
+    implementation project(':code:libraries:array')
+    implementation project(':code:libraries:native')
+    implementation project(':code:libraries:btree')
+    implementation project(':code:libraries:term-frequency-dict')
+    implementation project(':code:common:linkdb')
+    implementation project(':code:index')
+    implementation project(':code:index:query')
+    implementation project(':code:index:index-forward')
+    implementation project(':code:index:index-reverse')
+    implementation project(':third-party:commons-codec')
+    implementation project(':code:functions:search-query')
+    implementation project(':code:functions:search-query:api')
+
+    implementation libs.slop
+    implementation libs.roaringbitmap
+    implementation libs.bundles.slf4j
+    implementation libs.guava
+
+    libs.bundles.grpc.get().each {
+        implementation dependencies.create(it) {
+            exclude group: 'com.google.guava'
+        }
+    }
+
+
+    implementation libs.notnull
+    implementation libs.trove
+    implementation libs.fastutil
+    implementation libs.bundles.gson
+    implementation libs.bundles.mariadb
+
+}

code/index/index-perftest/java/nu/marginalia/index/perftest/IoPatternsMain.java

@@ -0,0 +1,262 @@
+package nu.marginalia.index.perftest;
+
+import nu.marginalia.ffi.LinuxSystemCalls;
+import nu.marginalia.uring.UringFileReader;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.lang.foreign.Arena;
+import java.lang.foreign.MemorySegment;
+import java.nio.file.Files;
+import java.nio.file.Path;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Random;
+import java.util.stream.LongStream;
+
+public class IoPatternsMain {
+
+    static void testBuffered(int sz, int small, int large, int iters) {
+        try {
+            Path largeFile = Path.of("/home/vlofgren/largefile.dat");
+            long fileSize = Files.size(largeFile);
+
+            Random r = new Random();
+            List<MemorySegment> segments = new ArrayList<>();
+            for (int i = 0; i < sz; i++) {
+                if (small == large) {
+                    segments.add(Arena.ofAuto().allocate(small));
+                }
+                else {
+                    segments.add(Arena.ofAuto().allocate(r.nextInt(small, large)));
+                }
+            }
+            List<Long> offsets = new ArrayList<>();
+
+            long[] samples = new long[1000];
+            int si = 0;
+
+            try (UringFileReader reader = new UringFileReader(largeFile, false)) {
+                for (int iter = 0; iter < iters; ) {
+                    if (si == samples.length) {
+                        Arrays.sort(samples);
+                        double p1 = samples[10] / 1_000.;
+                        double p10 = samples[100] / 1_000.;
+                        double p90 = samples[900] / 1_000.;
+                        double p99 = samples[990] / 1_000.;
+                        double avg = LongStream.of(samples).average().getAsDouble() / 1000.;
+                        System.out.println("B"+"\t"+avg+"\t"+p1 + " " + p10 + " " + p90 + " " + p99);
+                        si = 0;
+                        iter++;
+                    }
+
+                    offsets.clear();
+                    for (int i = 0; i < sz; i++) {
+                        offsets.add(r.nextLong(0, fileSize - 256));
+                    }
+
+                    long st = System.nanoTime();
+                    reader.read(segments, offsets);
+                    long et = System.nanoTime();
+
+                    samples[si++] = et - st;
+
+                }
+
+            }
+        }
+        catch (IOException e) {
+            e.printStackTrace();
+        }
+    }
+
+    static void testBufferedPread(int sz, int iters) {
+        try {
+            Path largeFile = Path.of("/home/vlofgren/largefile.dat");
+            long fileSize = Files.size(largeFile);
+
+            Random r = new Random();
+            List<MemorySegment> segments = new ArrayList<>();
+            for (int i = 0; i < sz; i++) {
+                segments.add(Arena.ofAuto().allocate(r.nextInt(24, 256)));
+            }
+            List<Long> offsets = new ArrayList<>();
+
+            long[] samples = new long[1000];
+            int si = 0;
+
+            int fd = -1;
+            try {
+                fd = LinuxSystemCalls.openBuffered(largeFile);
+                LinuxSystemCalls.fadviseRandom(fd);
+
+                for (int iter = 0; iter < iters; ) {
+                    if (si == samples.length) {
+                        Arrays.sort(samples);
+                        double p1 = samples[10] / 1_000.;
+                        double p10 = samples[100] / 1_000.;
+                        double p90 = samples[900] / 1_000.;
+                        double p99 = samples[990] / 1_000.;
+                        double avg = LongStream.of(samples).average().getAsDouble() / 1000.;
+                        System.out.println("BP"+"\t"+avg+"\t"+p1 + " " + p10 + " " + p90 + " " + p99);
+                        si = 0;
+                        iter++;
+                    }
+
+                    offsets.clear();
+                    for (int i = 0; i < sz; i++) {
+                        offsets.add(r.nextLong(0, fileSize - 256));
+                    }
+
+                    long st = System.nanoTime();
+                    for (int i = 0; i < sz; i++) {
+                        LinuxSystemCalls.readAt(fd, segments.get(i), offsets.get(i));
+                    }
+                    long et = System.nanoTime();
+
+                    samples[si++] = et - st;
+                }
+            }
+            finally {
+                LinuxSystemCalls.closeFd(fd);
+            }
+        }
+        catch (IOException e) {
+            e.printStackTrace();
+        }
+    }
+
+
+    static void testDirect(int blockSize, int sz, int iters) {
+        try {
+            Path largeFile = Path.of("/home/vlofgren/largefile.dat");
+            int fileSizeBlocks = (int) ((Files.size(largeFile) & -blockSize) / blockSize);
+
+            Random r = new Random();
+            List<MemorySegment> segments = new ArrayList<>();
+            for (int i = 0; i < sz; i++) {
+                segments.add(Arena.ofAuto().allocate(blockSize, blockSize));
+            }
+            List<Long> offsets = new ArrayList<>();
+
+            long[] samples = new long[1000];
+            int si = 0;
+
+            try (UringFileReader reader = new UringFileReader(largeFile, true)) {
+                for (int iter = 0; iter < iters; ) {
+                    if (si == samples.length) {
+                        Arrays.sort(samples);
+                        double p1 = samples[10] / 1_000.;
+                        double p10 = samples[100] / 1_000.;
+                        double p90 = samples[900] / 1_000.;
+                        double p99 = samples[990] / 1_000.;
+                        double avg = LongStream.of(samples).average().getAsDouble() / 1000.;
+                        System.out.println("DN"+blockSize+"\t"+avg+"\t"+p1 + " " + p10 + " " + p90 + " " + p99);
+                        si = 0;
+                        iters++;
+                    }
+
+                    offsets.clear();
+                    for (int i = 0; i < sz; i++) {
+                        offsets.add(blockSize * r.nextLong(0, fileSizeBlocks));
+                    }
+
+                    long st = System.nanoTime();
+                    reader.read(segments, offsets);
+                    long et = System.nanoTime();
+
+                    samples[si++] = et - st;
+
+                }
+
+            }
+        }
+        catch (IOException e) {
+            e.printStackTrace();
+        }
+    }
+
+
+    static void testDirect1(int blockSize, int iters) {
+        try {
+            Path largeFile = Path.of("/home/vlofgren/largefile.dat");
+            int fileSizeBlocks = (int) ((Files.size(largeFile) & -blockSize) / blockSize);
+
+            Random r = new Random();
+            MemorySegment segment = Arena.global().allocate(blockSize, blockSize);
+
+            long[] samples = new long[1000];
+            int si = 0;
+
+            int fd = LinuxSystemCalls.openDirect(largeFile);
+            if (fd < 0) {
+                throw new IOException("open failed");
+            }
+            try {
+                for (int iter = 0; iter < iters; ) {
+                    if (si == samples.length) {
+                        Arrays.sort(samples);
+                        double p1 = samples[10] / 1_000.;
+                        double p10 = samples[100] / 1_000.;
+                        double p90 = samples[900] / 1_000.;
+                        double p99 = samples[990] / 1_000.;
+                        double avg = LongStream.of(samples).average().getAsDouble() / 1000.;
+                        System.out.println("D1"+blockSize+"\t"+avg+"\t"+p1 + " " + p10 + " " + p90 + " " + p99);
+                        si = 0;
+                        iters++;
+                    }
+
+
+                    long st = System.nanoTime();
+                    int ret;
+                    long readOffset = blockSize * r.nextLong(0, fileSizeBlocks);
+                    if (blockSize != (ret = LinuxSystemCalls.readAt(fd, segment, readOffset))) {
+                        throw new IOException("pread failed: " + ret);
+                    }
+                    long et = System.nanoTime();
+
+                    samples[si++] = et - st;
+
+                }
+
+            }
+            finally {
+                LinuxSystemCalls.closeFd(fd);
+            }
+        }
+        catch (IOException e) {
+            e.printStackTrace();
+        }
+    }
+
+    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
+//        Thread.ofPlatform().start(() -> testBuffered(128,  32, 65536,1000));
+        Thread.ofPlatform().start(() -> testDirect(8192*4, 128,1000));
+//        Thread.ofPlatform().start(() -> testBuffered(128, 1000));
+//        Thread.ofPlatform().start(() -> testBuffered(128, 1000));
+//        Thread.ofPlatform().start(() -> testBuffered(128, 1000));
+//        Thread.ofPlatform().start(() -> testBufferedPread(128, 1000));
+
+//        Thread.ofPlatform().start(() -> testDirect1(1024, 1000));
+//        Thread.ofPlatform().start(() -> testDirect1(1024, 1000));
+//        Thread.ofPlatform().start(() -> testDirect1(1024, 1000));
+//        Thread.ofPlatform().start(() -> testDirect1(1024*1024, 1000));
+//        Thread.ofPlatform().start(() -> testDirect1(1024*1024, 1000));
+//        Thread.ofPlatform().start(() -> testDirect(512, 512,1000));
+//        Thread.ofPlatform().start(() -> testDirect(512, 512,1000));
+//        Thread.ofPlatform().start(() -> testDirect(512, 512,1000));
+//        Thread.ofPlatform().start(() -> testDirect(512, 100));
+//        Thread.ofPlatform().start(() -> testDirect(512, 100));
+//        Thread.ofPlatform().start(() -> testDirect(512, 100));
+//        Thread.ofPlatform().start(() -> testDirect(512, 100));
+//        Thread.ofPlatform().start(() -> testBuffered(512, 1000));
+//        Thread.ofPlatform().start(() -> testBuffered(512, 1000));
+//        Thread.ofPlatform().start(() -> testBuffered(512, 1000));
+//        Thread.ofPlatform().start(() -> testBuffered(512, 1000));
+//        Thread.ofPlatform().start(() -> testBuffered(100));
+//        Thread.ofPlatform().start(() -> testBuffered(100));
+
+        for (;;);
+//        testBuffered(100);
+    }
+}

code/index/index-perftest/java/nu/marginalia/index/perftest/PerfTestMain.java

@@ -0,0 +1,313 @@
+package nu.marginalia.index.perftest;
+
+import gnu.trove.list.array.TLongArrayList;
+import nu.marginalia.api.searchquery.RpcQueryLimits;
+import nu.marginalia.api.searchquery.model.query.NsfwFilterTier;
+import nu.marginalia.api.searchquery.model.query.QueryParams;
+import nu.marginalia.api.searchquery.model.query.SearchSpecification;
+import nu.marginalia.api.searchquery.model.results.PrototypeRankingParameters;
+import nu.marginalia.array.page.LongQueryBuffer;
+import nu.marginalia.functions.searchquery.QueryFactory;
+import nu.marginalia.functions.searchquery.query_parser.QueryExpansion;
+import nu.marginalia.index.FullReverseIndexReader;
+import nu.marginalia.index.IndexQueryExecution;
+import nu.marginalia.index.PrioReverseIndexReader;
+import nu.marginalia.index.forward.ForwardIndexReader;
+import nu.marginalia.index.index.CombinedIndexReader;
+import nu.marginalia.index.index.StatefulIndex;
+import nu.marginalia.index.model.ResultRankingContext;
+import nu.marginalia.index.model.SearchParameters;
+import nu.marginalia.index.model.SearchTerms;
+import nu.marginalia.index.positions.PositionsFileReader;
+import nu.marginalia.index.query.IndexQuery;
+import nu.marginalia.index.query.IndexSearchBudget;
+import nu.marginalia.index.results.DomainRankingOverrides;
+import nu.marginalia.index.results.IndexResultRankingService;
+import nu.marginalia.index.results.model.ids.CombinedDocIdList;
+import nu.marginalia.index.searchset.SearchSetAny;
+import nu.marginalia.linkdb.docs.DocumentDbReader;
+import nu.marginalia.segmentation.NgramLexicon;
+import nu.marginalia.term_frequency_dict.TermFrequencyDict;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.nio.file.Files;
+import java.nio.file.Path;
+import java.nio.file.Paths;
+import java.sql.SQLException;
+import java.time.Duration;
+import java.time.Instant;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;
+
+public class PerfTestMain {
+    static Duration warmupTime = Duration.ofMinutes(1);
+    static Duration runTime = Duration.ofMinutes(10);
+
+    public static void main(String[] args) {
+        if (args.length != 4) {
+            System.err.println("Arguments: home-dir index-dir query");
+            System.exit(255);
+        }
+
+        try {
+            Path indexDir = Paths.get(args[0]);
+            if (!Files.isDirectory(indexDir)) {
+                System.err.println("Index directory is not a directory");
+                System.exit(255);
+            }
+            Path homeDir = Paths.get(args[1]);
+            String scenario = args[2];
+            String query = args[3];
+
+            switch (scenario) {
+                case "valuation" -> runValuation(indexDir, homeDir, query);
+                case "lookup" -> runLookup(indexDir, homeDir, query);
+                case "execution" -> runExecution(indexDir, homeDir, query);
+            }
+
+            System.exit(0);
+        }
+        catch (NumberFormatException e) {
+            System.err.println("Arguments: data-dir index-dir query");
+            System.exit(255);
+        }
+        catch (Exception ex) {
+            System.err.println("Error during testing");
+            ex.printStackTrace();
+            System.exit(255);
+        }
+        System.out.println(Arrays.toString(args));
+    }
+
+    private static CombinedIndexReader createCombinedIndexReader(Path indexDir) throws IOException {
+
+        return new CombinedIndexReader(
+                new ForwardIndexReader(
+                        indexDir.resolve("ir/fwd-doc-id.dat"),
+                        indexDir.resolve("ir/fwd-doc-data.dat"),
+                        indexDir.resolve("ir/fwd-spans.dat")
+                ),
+                new FullReverseIndexReader(
+                        "full",
+                        indexDir.resolve("ir/rev-words.dat"),
+                        indexDir.resolve("ir/rev-docs.dat"),
+                        new PositionsFileReader(indexDir.resolve("ir/rev-positions.dat"))
+                ),
+                new PrioReverseIndexReader(
+                        "prio",
+                        indexDir.resolve("ir/rev-prio-words.dat"),
+                        indexDir.resolve("ir/rev-prio-docs.dat")
+                )
+        );
+    }
+
+    private static IndexResultRankingService createIndexResultRankingService(Path indexDir, CombinedIndexReader combinedIndexReader) throws IOException, SQLException {
+        return new IndexResultRankingService(
+                new DocumentDbReader(indexDir.resolve("ldbr/documents.db")),
+                new StatefulIndex(combinedIndexReader),
+                new DomainRankingOverrides(null, Path.of("xxxx"))
+        );
+    }
+
+    static QueryFactory createQueryFactory(Path homeDir) throws IOException {
+        return new QueryFactory(
+                new QueryExpansion(
+                        new TermFrequencyDict(homeDir.resolve("model/tfreq-new-algo3.bin")),
+                        new NgramLexicon()
+                )
+        );
+    }
+
+    public static void runValuation(Path homeDir,
+                                    Path indexDir,
+                                    String rawQuery) throws IOException, SQLException, TimeoutException {
+
+        CombinedIndexReader indexReader = createCombinedIndexReader(indexDir);
+        QueryFactory queryFactory = createQueryFactory(homeDir);
+        IndexResultRankingService rankingService = createIndexResultRankingService(indexDir, indexReader);
+
+        var queryLimits = RpcQueryLimits.newBuilder()
+                .setTimeoutMs(10_000)
+                .setResultsTotal(1000)
+                .setResultsByDomain(10)
+                .setFetchSize(4096)
+                .build();
+        SearchSpecification parsedQuery = queryFactory.createQuery(new QueryParams(rawQuery, queryLimits, "NONE", NsfwFilterTier.OFF), PrototypeRankingParameters.sensibleDefaults()).specs;
+
+        System.out.println("Query compiled to: " + parsedQuery.query.compiledQuery);
+
+        SearchParameters searchParameters = new SearchParameters(parsedQuery, new SearchSetAny());
+
+        List<IndexQuery> queries = indexReader.createQueries(new SearchTerms(searchParameters.query, searchParameters.compiledQueryIds), searchParameters.queryParams, new IndexSearchBudget(10_000));
+
+        TLongArrayList allResults = new TLongArrayList();
+        LongQueryBuffer buffer = new LongQueryBuffer(512);
+
+        for (var query : queries) {
+            while (query.hasMore() && allResults.size() < 512 ) {
+                query.getMoreResults(buffer);
+                allResults.addAll(buffer.copyData());
+            }
+            if (allResults.size() >= 512)
+                break;
+        }
+        allResults.sort();
+        if (allResults.size() > 512) {
+            allResults.subList(512,  allResults.size()).clear();
+        }
+
+        var rankingContext = ResultRankingContext.create(indexReader, searchParameters);
+        var rankingData = rankingService.prepareRankingData(rankingContext, new CombinedDocIdList(allResults.toArray()), null);
+
+        int sum = 0;
+
+        Instant runEndTime = Instant.now().plus(runTime);
+        Instant runStartTime =  Instant.now();
+        int sum2 = 0;
+        List<Double> times = new ArrayList<>();
+
+        int iter;
+        for (iter = 0;; iter++) {
+            IndexSearchBudget budget = new IndexSearchBudget(10000);
+            long start = System.nanoTime();
+            sum2 += rankingService.rankResults(budget, rankingContext, rankingData, false).size();
+            long end = System.nanoTime();
+            times.add((end - start)/1_000_000.);
+
+            if ((iter % 100) == 0) {
+                if (Instant.now().isAfter(runEndTime)) {
+                    break;
+                }
+                if (times.size() > 100) {
+                    double[] timesSample = times.stream().mapToDouble(Double::doubleValue).skip(times.size() - 100).sorted().toArray();
+                    System.out.format("P1: %f P10: %f, P90: %f, P99: %f\n", timesSample[1], timesSample[10], timesSample[90], timesSample[99]);
+                }
+                System.out.println(Duration.between(runStartTime, Instant.now()).toMillis() / 1000. + " best times: " + (allResults.size() / 512.) *  times.stream().mapToDouble(Double::doubleValue).sorted().limit(3).average().orElse(-1));
+            }
+        }
+        System.out.println("Benchmark complete after " + iter + " iters!");
+
+        System.out.println("Best times: " + (allResults.size() / 512.) *  times.stream().mapToDouble(Double::doubleValue).sorted().limit(3).average().orElse(-1));
+        System.out.println("Warmup sum: " + sum);
+        System.out.println("Main sum: " + sum2);
+        System.out.println(rankingData.size());
+    }
+
+    public static void runExecution(Path homeDir,
+                                    Path indexDir,
+                                    String rawQuery) throws IOException, SQLException, InterruptedException {
+
+        CombinedIndexReader indexReader = createCombinedIndexReader(indexDir);
+        QueryFactory queryFactory = createQueryFactory(homeDir);
+        IndexResultRankingService rankingService = createIndexResultRankingService(indexDir, indexReader);
+
+        var queryLimits = RpcQueryLimits.newBuilder()
+                .setTimeoutMs(50)
+                .setResultsTotal(1000)
+                .setResultsByDomain(10)
+                .setFetchSize(4096)
+                .build();
+        SearchSpecification parsedQuery = queryFactory.createQuery(new QueryParams(rawQuery, queryLimits, "NONE", NsfwFilterTier.OFF), PrototypeRankingParameters.sensibleDefaults()).specs;
+        System.out.println("Query compiled to: " + parsedQuery.query.compiledQuery);
+
+        System.out.println("Running warmup loop!");
+        int sum = 0;
+
+        Instant runEndTime = Instant.now().plus(runTime);
+        Instant runStartTime =  Instant.now();
+        int sum2 = 0;
+        List<Double> rates = new ArrayList<>();
+        List<Double> times = new ArrayList<>();
+        int iter;
+        for (iter = 0;; iter++) {
+            SearchParameters searchParameters = new SearchParameters(parsedQuery, new SearchSetAny());
+            var execution = new IndexQueryExecution(searchParameters, rankingService, indexReader);
+            long start = System.nanoTime();
+            execution.run();
+            long end = System.nanoTime();
+            sum2 += execution.itemsProcessed();
+            rates.add(execution.itemsProcessed() / ((end - start)/1_000_000_000.));
+            times.add((end - start)/1_000_000.);
+            indexReader.reset();
+            if ((iter % 100) == 0) {
+                if (Instant.now().isAfter(runEndTime)) {
+                    break;
+                }
+                if (times.size() > 100) {
+                    double[] timesSample = times.stream().mapToDouble(Double::doubleValue).skip(times.size() - 100).sorted().toArray();
+                    System.out.format("P1: %f P10: %f, P90: %f, P99: %f\n", timesSample[1], timesSample[10], timesSample[90], timesSample[99]);
+                }
+                System.out.println(Duration.between(runStartTime, Instant.now()).toMillis() / 1000. + " best rates: " +  rates.stream().mapToDouble(Double::doubleValue).map(i -> -i).sorted().map(i -> -i).limit(3).average().orElse(-1));
+            }
+        }
+
+        System.out.println("Benchmark complete after " + iter + " iters!");
+        System.out.println("Best counts: " + rates.stream().mapToDouble(Double::doubleValue).map(i -> -i).sorted().map(i -> -i).limit(3).average().orElse(-1));
+        System.out.println("Warmup sum: " + sum);
+        System.out.println("Main sum: " + sum2);
+    }
+
+    public static void runLookup(Path homeDir,
+                                    Path indexDir,
+                                    String rawQuery) throws IOException, SQLException
+    {
+
+        CombinedIndexReader indexReader = createCombinedIndexReader(indexDir);
+        QueryFactory queryFactory = createQueryFactory(homeDir);
+
+        var queryLimits = RpcQueryLimits.newBuilder()
+                .setTimeoutMs(10_000)
+                .setResultsTotal(1000)
+                .setResultsByDomain(10)
+                .setFetchSize(4096)
+                .build();
+        SearchSpecification parsedQuery = queryFactory.createQuery(new QueryParams(rawQuery, queryLimits, "NONE", NsfwFilterTier.OFF), PrototypeRankingParameters.sensibleDefaults()).specs;
+
+        System.out.println("Query compiled to: " + parsedQuery.query.compiledQuery);
+
+        SearchParameters searchParameters = new SearchParameters(parsedQuery, new SearchSetAny());
+
+
+        Instant runEndTime = Instant.now().plus(runTime);
+
+        LongQueryBuffer buffer = new LongQueryBuffer(512);
+        int sum1 = 0;
+        int iter;
+
+        Instant runStartTime =  Instant.now();
+        int sum2 = 0;
+        List<Double> times = new ArrayList<>();
+        for (iter = 0;; iter++) {
+            indexReader.reset();
+            List<IndexQuery> queries = indexReader.createQueries(new SearchTerms(searchParameters.query, searchParameters.compiledQueryIds), searchParameters.queryParams, new IndexSearchBudget(150));
+
+            long start = System.nanoTime();
+            for (var query : queries) {
+                while (query.hasMore()) {
+                    query.getMoreResults(buffer);
+                    sum1 += buffer.end;
+                    buffer.reset();
+                }
+            }
+            long end = System.nanoTime();
+            times.add((end - start)/1_000_000_000.);
+
+            if ((iter % 10) == 0) {
+                if (Instant.now().isAfter(runEndTime)) {
+                    break;
+                }
+                if (times.size() > 100) {
+                    double[] timesSample = times.stream().mapToDouble(Double::doubleValue).skip(times.size() - 100).sorted().toArray();
+                    System.out.format("P1: %f P10: %f, P90: %f, P99: %f\n", timesSample[1], timesSample[10], timesSample[90], timesSample[99]);
+                }
+                System.out.println(Duration.between(runStartTime, Instant.now()).toMillis() / 1000. + " best times: " + times.stream().mapToDouble(Double::doubleValue).sorted().limit(3).average().orElse(-1));
+            }
+        }
+        System.out.println("Benchmark complete after " + iter + " iters!");
+        System.out.println("Best times: " + times.stream().mapToDouble(Double::doubleValue).sorted().limit(3).average().orElse(-1));
+        System.out.println("Warmup sum: " + sum1);
+        System.out.println("Main sum: " + sum2);
+    }
+}

code/index/index-reverse/build.gradle

@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@ apply from: "$rootProject.projectDir/srcsets.gradle"
 
 dependencies {
     implementation project(':code:libraries:array')
+    implementation project(':code:libraries:native')
     implementation project(':code:libraries:btree')
     implementation project(':code:libraries:coded-sequence')
     implementation project(':code:libraries:random-write-funnel')

code/index/index-reverse/java/nu/marginalia/index/FullIndexEntrySource.java

@@ -1,32 +1,26 @@
 package nu.marginalia.index;
 
 import nu.marginalia.array.page.LongQueryBuffer;
-import nu.marginalia.btree.BTreeReader;
 import nu.marginalia.index.query.EntrySource;
-
-import static java.lang.Math.min;
+import nu.marginalia.skiplist.SkipListReader;
 
 public class FullIndexEntrySource implements EntrySource {
     private final String name;
-    private final BTreeReader reader;
 
     int pos;
     int endOffset;
 
-    final int entrySize;
+    private final SkipListReader reader;
     private final long wordId;
 
     public FullIndexEntrySource(String name,
-                                BTreeReader reader,
-                                int entrySize,
+                                SkipListReader reader,
                                 long wordId) {
         this.name = name;
         this.reader = reader;
-        this.entrySize = entrySize;
         this.wordId = wordId;
 
         pos = 0;
-        endOffset = pos + entrySize * reader.numEntries();
     }
 
     @Override
@@ -36,32 +30,14 @@ public class FullIndexEntrySource implements EntrySource {
 
     @Override
     public void read(LongQueryBuffer buffer) {
-        buffer.reset();
-        buffer.end = min(buffer.end, endOffset - pos);
-        reader.readData(buffer.data, buffer.end, pos);
-        pos += buffer.end;
-
-        destagger(buffer);
-        buffer.uniq();
-    }
-
-    private void destagger(LongQueryBuffer buffer) {
-        if (entrySize == 1)
-            return;
-
-        for (int ri = entrySize, wi=1; ri < buffer.end ; ri+=entrySize, wi++) {
-            buffer.data.set(wi, buffer.data.get(ri));
-        }
-
-        buffer.end /= entrySize;
+        reader.getData(buffer);
     }
 
     @Override
     public boolean hasMore() {
-        return pos < endOffset;
+        return !reader.atEnd();
     }
 
-
     @Override
     public String indexName() {
         return name + ":" + Long.toHexString(wordId);

code/index/index-reverse/java/nu/marginalia/index/FullReverseIndexReader.java

@@ -2,16 +2,17 @@ package nu.marginalia.index;
 
 import nu.marginalia.array.LongArray;
 import nu.marginalia.array.LongArrayFactory;
+import nu.marginalia.array.pool.BufferPool;
 import nu.marginalia.btree.BTreeReader;
-import nu.marginalia.index.positions.TermData;
+import nu.marginalia.ffi.LinuxSystemCalls;
 import nu.marginalia.index.positions.PositionsFileReader;
-import nu.marginalia.index.query.EmptyEntrySource;
-import nu.marginalia.index.query.EntrySource;
-import nu.marginalia.index.query.ReverseIndexRejectFilter;
-import nu.marginalia.index.query.ReverseIndexRetainFilter;
+import nu.marginalia.index.positions.TermData;
+import nu.marginalia.index.query.*;
 import nu.marginalia.index.query.filter.QueryFilterLetThrough;
 import nu.marginalia.index.query.filter.QueryFilterNoPass;
 import nu.marginalia.index.query.filter.QueryFilterStepIf;
+import nu.marginalia.skiplist.SkipListConstants;
+import nu.marginalia.skiplist.SkipListReader;
 import org.slf4j.Logger;
 import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
 
@@ -20,10 +21,12 @@ import java.lang.foreign.Arena;
 import java.nio.file.Files;
 import java.nio.file.Path;
 import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
+import java.util.function.Consumer;
 
 public class FullReverseIndexReader {
     private final LongArray words;
     private final LongArray documents;
+
     private final long wordsDataOffset;
     private final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(getClass());
     private final BTreeReader wordsBTreeReader;
@@ -31,6 +34,8 @@ public class FullReverseIndexReader {
 
     private final PositionsFileReader positionsFileReader;
 
+    private final BufferPool dataPool;
+
     public FullReverseIndexReader(String name,
                                   Path words,
                                   Path documents,
@@ -44,6 +49,7 @@ public class FullReverseIndexReader {
             this.documents = null;
             this.wordsBTreeReader = null;
             this.wordsDataOffset = -1;
+            this.dataPool = null;
             return;
         }
 
@@ -52,6 +58,11 @@ public class FullReverseIndexReader {
         this.words = LongArrayFactory.mmapForReadingShared(words);
         this.documents = LongArrayFactory.mmapForReadingShared(documents);
 
+        LinuxSystemCalls.madviseRandom(this.words.getMemorySegment());
+        LinuxSystemCalls.madviseRandom(this.documents.getMemorySegment());
+
+        dataPool = new BufferPool(documents, SkipListConstants.BLOCK_SIZE, (int) (Long.getLong("index.bufferPoolSize", 512*1024*1024L) / SkipListConstants.BLOCK_SIZE));
+
         wordsBTreeReader = new BTreeReader(this.words, ReverseIndexParameters.wordsBTreeContext, 0);
         wordsDataOffset = wordsBTreeReader.getHeader().dataOffsetLongs();
 
@@ -62,6 +73,11 @@ public class FullReverseIndexReader {
         }
     }
 
+    public void reset() {
+        dataPool.reset();
+    }
+
+
     private void selfTest() {
         logger.info("Running self test program");
 
@@ -76,6 +92,15 @@ public class FullReverseIndexReader {
         ReverseIndexSelfTest.runSelfTest6(wordsDataRange, documents);
     }
 
+    public void eachDocRange(Consumer<LongArray> eachDocRange) {
+        long wordsDataSize = wordsBTreeReader.getHeader().numEntries() * 2L;
+        var wordsDataRange = words.range(wordsDataOffset, wordsDataOffset + wordsDataSize);
+
+        for (long i = 1; i < wordsDataRange.size(); i+=2) {
+            var docsBTreeReader = new BTreeReader(documents, ReverseIndexParameters.fullDocsBTreeContext, wordsDataRange.get(i));
+            eachDocRange.accept(docsBTreeReader.data());
+        }
+    }
 
     /** Calculate the offset of the word in the documents.
      * If the return-value is negative, the term does not exist
@@ -101,27 +126,27 @@ public class FullReverseIndexReader {
         if (offset < 0) // No documents
             return new EmptyEntrySource();
 
-        return new FullIndexEntrySource(name, createReaderNew(offset), 2, termId);
+        return new FullIndexEntrySource(name, getReader(offset), termId);
     }
 
     /** Create a filter step requiring the specified termId to exist in the documents */
-    public QueryFilterStepIf also(long termId) {
+    public QueryFilterStepIf also(long termId, IndexSearchBudget budget) {
         long offset = wordOffset(termId);
 
         if (offset < 0) // No documents
             return new QueryFilterNoPass();
 
-        return new ReverseIndexRetainFilter(createReaderNew(offset), name, termId);
+        return new ReverseIndexRetainFilter(getReader(offset), name, termId, budget);
     }
 
     /** Create a filter step requiring the specified termId to be absent from the documents */
-    public QueryFilterStepIf not(long termId) {
+    public QueryFilterStepIf not(long termId, IndexSearchBudget budget) {
         long offset = wordOffset(termId);
 
         if (offset < 0) // No documents
             return new QueryFilterLetThrough();
 
-        return new ReverseIndexRejectFilter(createReaderNew(offset));
+        return new ReverseIndexRejectFilter(getReader(offset), budget);
     }
 
     /** Return the number of documents with the termId in the index */
@@ -131,15 +156,39 @@ public class FullReverseIndexReader {
         if (offset < 0)
             return 0;
 
-        return createReaderNew(offset).numEntries();
+        return getReader(offset).estimateSize();
     }
 
     /** Create a BTreeReader for the document offset associated with a termId */
-    private BTreeReader createReaderNew(long offset) {
-        return new BTreeReader(
-                documents,
-                ReverseIndexParameters.fullDocsBTreeContext,
-                offset);
+    private SkipListReader getReader(long offset) {
+        return new SkipListReader(dataPool, offset);
+    }
+
+    public TermData[] getTermData(Arena arena,
+                                  long[] termIds,
+                                  long[] docIds)
+    {
+
+        long[] offsetsAll = new long[termIds.length * docIds.length];
+
+        for (int i = 0; i < termIds.length; i++) {
+            long termId = termIds[i];
+            long offset = wordOffset(termId);
+
+            if (offset < 0) {
+                // This is likely a bug in the code, but we can't throw an exception here
+                logger.debug("Missing offset for word {}", termId);
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            var reader = getReader(offset);
+
+            // Read the size and offset of the position data
+            var offsetsForTerm = reader.getValueOffsets(docIds);
+            System.arraycopy(offsetsForTerm, 0, offsetsAll, i * docIds.length, docIds.length);
+        }
+
+        return positionsFileReader.getTermData(arena, offsetsAll);
     }
 
     public TermData[] getTermData(Arena arena,
@@ -156,20 +205,22 @@ public class FullReverseIndexReader {
             return ret;
         }
 
-        var reader = createReaderNew(offset);
+        var reader = getReader(offset);
 
         // Read the size and offset of the position data
-        var offsets = reader.queryData(docIds, 1);
+        var offsets = reader.getValueOffsets(docIds);
 
-        for (int i = 0; i < docIds.length; i++) {
-            if (offsets[i] == 0)
-                continue;
-            ret[i] = positionsFileReader.getTermData(arena, offsets[i]);
-        }
-        return ret;
+        return positionsFileReader.getTermData(arena, offsets);
     }
 
     public void close() {
+        try {
+            dataPool.close();
+        }
+        catch (Exception e) {
+            logger.warn("Error while closing bufferPool", e);
+        }
+
         if (documents != null)
             documents.close();
 

code/index/index-reverse/java/nu/marginalia/index/PrioIndexEntrySource.java

@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ import java.nio.channels.FileChannel;
 public class PrioIndexEntrySource implements EntrySource {
     private final String name;
 
-    private final ByteBuffer readData = ByteBuffer.allocate(1024);
+    private final ByteBuffer readData = ByteBuffer.allocate(8*1024);
     private final BitReader bitReader = new BitReader(readData, this::fillReadBuffer);
 
     private final FileChannel docsFileChannel;

code/index/index-reverse/java/nu/marginalia/index/PrioReverseIndexReader.java

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ package nu.marginalia.index;
 import nu.marginalia.array.LongArray;
 import nu.marginalia.array.LongArrayFactory;
 import nu.marginalia.btree.BTreeReader;
+import nu.marginalia.ffi.LinuxSystemCalls;
 import nu.marginalia.index.query.EmptyEntrySource;
 import nu.marginalia.index.query.EntrySource;
 import org.slf4j.Logger;
@@ -40,6 +41,8 @@ public class PrioReverseIndexReader {
 
         this.words = LongArrayFactory.mmapForReadingShared(words);
 
+        LinuxSystemCalls.madviseRandom(this.words.getMemorySegment());
+
         wordsBTreeReader = new BTreeReader(this.words, ReverseIndexParameters.wordsBTreeContext, 0);
         wordsDataOffset = wordsBTreeReader.getHeader().dataOffsetLongs();
 

code/index/index-reverse/java/nu/marginalia/index/ReverseIndexParameters.java

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ import nu.marginalia.btree.model.BTreeContext;
 
 public class ReverseIndexParameters
 {
-    public static final BTreeContext prioDocsBTreeContext = new BTreeContext(5, 1, BTreeBlockSize.BS_2048);
-    public static final BTreeContext fullDocsBTreeContext = new BTreeContext(5, 2, BTreeBlockSize.BS_2048);
-    public static final BTreeContext wordsBTreeContext = new BTreeContext(5, 2, BTreeBlockSize.BS_2048);
+    public static final BTreeContext prioDocsBTreeContext = new BTreeContext(5, 1, BTreeBlockSize.BS_512);
+    public static final BTreeContext fullDocsBTreeContext = new BTreeContext(5, 2, BTreeBlockSize.BS_512);
+    public static final BTreeContext wordsBTreeContext = new BTreeContext(5, 2, BTreeBlockSize.BS_512);
 }

code/index/index-reverse/java/nu/marginalia/index/construction/PositionsFileConstructor.java

@@ -14,62 +14,103 @@ import java.nio.file.StandardOpenOption;
  *
  * The positions data is concatenated in the file, with each term's metadata
  * followed by its positions.  The metadata is a single byte, and the positions
- * are encoded using the Elias Gamma code, with zero padded bits at the end to
- * get octet alignment.
- *
+ * are encoded varints.
  * <p></p>
  *
  * It is the responsibility of the caller to keep track of the byte offset of
  * each posting in the file.
  */
 public class PositionsFileConstructor implements AutoCloseable {
-    private final ByteBuffer workBuffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(65536);
-    
     private final Path file;
     private final FileChannel channel;
 
-    private long offset;
-
     public PositionsFileConstructor(Path file) throws IOException {
         this.file = file;
 
         channel = FileChannel.open(file, StandardOpenOption.CREATE, StandardOpenOption.WRITE);
     }
 
+    /** Represents a block of positions lists.  Each writer thread should hold on to
+     * a block object to ensure the locality of its positions lists.
+     * When finished, commit() must be run.
+     * */
+    public class PositionsFileBlock {
+        private final ByteBuffer workBuffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(1024*1024*16);
+        private long position;
+
+        public PositionsFileBlock(long position) {
+            this.position = position;
+        }
+
+        public boolean fitsData(int size) {
+            return workBuffer.remaining() >= size;
+        }
+
+        public void commit() throws IOException {
+            workBuffer.position(0);
+            workBuffer.limit(workBuffer.capacity());
+            int pos = 0;
+            while (workBuffer.hasRemaining()) {
+                pos += channel.write(workBuffer, this.position + pos + workBuffer.position());
+            }
+        }
+
+        private void relocate() throws IOException {
+            workBuffer.clear();
+            position = channel.position();
+            while (workBuffer.hasRemaining()) {
+                channel.write(workBuffer);
+            }
+            workBuffer.clear();
+        }
+
+        public long position() {
+            return this.position + workBuffer.position();
+        }
+        public void put(byte b) {
+            workBuffer.put(b);
+        }
+        public void put(ByteBuffer buffer) {
+            workBuffer.put(buffer);
+        }
+    }
+
+    public PositionsFileBlock getBlock() throws IOException {
+        synchronized (this) {
+            var block = new PositionsFileBlock(channel.position());
+            block.relocate();
+            return block;
+        }
+    }
+
     /** Add a term to the positions file
+     *
+     * @param block a block token to ensure data locality
      * @param termMeta the term metadata
      * @param positionsBuffer the positions of the term
+     *
      * @return the offset of the term in the file, with the size of the data in the highest byte
      */
-    public long add(byte termMeta, ByteBuffer positionsBuffer) throws IOException {
-        synchronized (file) {
-            int size = 1 + positionsBuffer.remaining();
+    public long add(PositionsFileBlock block, byte termMeta, ByteBuffer positionsBuffer) throws IOException {
+        int size = 1 + positionsBuffer.remaining();
 
-            if (workBuffer.remaining() < size) {
-                workBuffer.flip();
-                channel.write(workBuffer);
-                workBuffer.clear();
+        if (!block.fitsData(size)) {
+            synchronized (this) {
+                block.commit();
+                block.relocate();
             }
+        }
+        synchronized (file) {
+            long offset = block.position();
 
-            workBuffer.put(termMeta);
-            workBuffer.put(positionsBuffer);
+            block.put(termMeta);
+            block.put(positionsBuffer);
 
-            long ret = PositionCodec.encode(size, offset);
-
-            offset += size;
-
-            return ret;
+            return PositionCodec.encode(size, offset);
         }
     }
 
     public void close() throws IOException {
-        if (workBuffer.hasRemaining()) {
-            workBuffer.flip();
-
-            while (workBuffer.hasRemaining())
-                channel.write(workBuffer);
-        }
-
         channel.force(false);
         channel.close();
     }

code/index/index-reverse/java/nu/marginalia/index/construction/full/FullIndexBTreeTransformer.java

@@ -1,46 +0,0 @@
-package nu.marginalia.index.construction.full;
-
-import nu.marginalia.array.LongArray;
-import nu.marginalia.array.algo.LongArrayTransformations;
-import nu.marginalia.btree.BTreeWriter;
-import nu.marginalia.btree.model.BTreeContext;
-
-import java.io.IOException;
-
-/** Constructs the BTrees in a reverse index */
-public class FullIndexBTreeTransformer implements LongArrayTransformations.LongIOTransformer {
-    private final BTreeWriter writer;
-    private final int entrySize;
-    private final LongArray documentsArray;
-
-    long start = 0;
-    long writeOffset = 0;
-
-    public FullIndexBTreeTransformer(LongArray urlsFileMap,
-                                     int entrySize,
-                                     BTreeContext bTreeContext,
-                                     LongArray documentsArray) {
-        this.documentsArray = documentsArray;
-        this.writer = new BTreeWriter(urlsFileMap, bTreeContext);
-        this.entrySize = entrySize;
-    }
-
-    @Override
-    public long transform(long pos, long end) throws IOException {
-
-        final int size = (int) ((end - start) / entrySize);
-
-        if (size == 0) {
-            return -1;
-        }
-
-        final long offsetForBlock = writeOffset;
-
-        writeOffset += writer.write(writeOffset, size,
-                mapRegion -> mapRegion.transferFrom(documentsArray, start, 0, end - start)
-        );
-
-        start = end;
-        return offsetForBlock;
-    }
-}

code/index/index-reverse/java/nu/marginalia/index/construction/full/FullIndexSkipListTransformer.java

@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+package nu.marginalia.index.construction.full;
+
+import nu.marginalia.array.LongArray;
+import nu.marginalia.array.algo.LongArrayTransformations;
+import nu.marginalia.skiplist.SkipListWriter;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.nio.file.Path;
+
+/** Constructs the BTrees in a reverse index */
+public class FullIndexSkipListTransformer implements LongArrayTransformations.LongIOTransformer, AutoCloseable {
+    private final SkipListWriter writer;
+    private final LongArray documentsArray;
+
+    long start = 0;
+
+    public FullIndexSkipListTransformer(Path docsOutputFile,
+                                        LongArray documentsArray) throws IOException {
+        this.documentsArray = documentsArray;
+        this.writer = new SkipListWriter(docsOutputFile);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public long transform(long pos, long end) throws IOException {
+
+        final int size = (int) ((end - start) / 2);
+
+        if (size == 0) {
+            return -1;
+        }
+
+        long offset = writer.writeList(documentsArray, start, size);
+        start = end;
+        return offset;
+    }
+
+    public void close() throws IOException {
+        writer.close();
+    }
+}

code/index/index-reverse/java/nu/marginalia/index/construction/full/FullPreindex.java

@@ -6,7 +6,6 @@ import nu.marginalia.btree.BTreeWriter;
 import nu.marginalia.index.ReverseIndexParameters;
 import nu.marginalia.index.construction.CountToOffsetTransformer;
 import nu.marginalia.index.construction.DocIdRewriter;
-import nu.marginalia.index.construction.IndexSizeEstimator;
 import nu.marginalia.index.construction.PositionsFileConstructor;
 import nu.marginalia.index.journal.IndexJournalPage;
 import org.slf4j.Logger;
@@ -81,15 +80,11 @@ public class FullPreindex {
 
         // Estimate the size of the docs index data
         offsets.transformEach(0, offsets.size(), new CountToOffsetTransformer(2));
-        IndexSizeEstimator sizeEstimator = new IndexSizeEstimator(ReverseIndexParameters.fullDocsBTreeContext, 2);
-        offsets.fold(0, 0, offsets.size(), sizeEstimator);
 
         // Write the docs file
-        LongArray finalDocs = LongArrayFactory.mmapForWritingConfined(outputFileDocs, sizeEstimator.size);
-        offsets.transformEachIO(0, offsets.size(),
-                new FullIndexBTreeTransformer(finalDocs, 2,
-                        ReverseIndexParameters.fullDocsBTreeContext,
-                        documents.documents));
+        try (var transformer = new FullIndexSkipListTransformer(outputFileDocs, documents.documents)) {
+            offsets.transformEachIO(0, offsets.size(), transformer);
+        }
 
         LongArray wordIds = segments.wordIds;
 
@@ -102,7 +97,7 @@ public class FullPreindex {
         // Estimate the size of the words index data
         long wordsSize = ReverseIndexParameters.wordsBTreeContext.calculateSize((int) offsets.size());
 
-        // Construct the tree
+        // Construct the keywords tree
         LongArray wordsArray = LongArrayFactory.mmapForWritingConfined(outputFileWords, wordsSize);
 
         new BTreeWriter(wordsArray, ReverseIndexParameters.wordsBTreeContext)
@@ -113,8 +108,6 @@ public class FullPreindex {
             }
         });
 
-        finalDocs.force();
-        finalDocs.close();
         wordsArray.force();
         wordsArray.close();
 

code/index/index-reverse/java/nu/marginalia/index/construction/full/FullPreindexDocuments.java

@@ -12,10 +12,8 @@ import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
 
 import java.io.IOException;
 import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
-import java.nio.channels.FileChannel;
 import java.nio.file.Files;
 import java.nio.file.Path;
-import java.nio.file.StandardOpenOption;
 import java.util.List;
 
 /** A LongArray with document data, segmented according to
@@ -52,11 +50,6 @@ public class FullPreindexDocuments {
         return new FullPreindexDocuments(docsFileMap, docsFile);
     }
 
-    public FileChannel createDocumentsFileChannel() throws IOException {
-        return (FileChannel) Files.newByteChannel(file, StandardOpenOption.READ);
-    }
-
-
     public LongArray slice(long start, long end) {
         return documents.range(start, end);
     }
@@ -86,6 +79,8 @@ public class FullPreindexDocuments {
             var offsetMap = segments.asMap(RECORD_SIZE_LONGS);
             offsetMap.defaultReturnValue(0);
 
+            var positionsBlock = positionsFileConstructor.getBlock();
+
             while (docIds.hasRemaining()) {
                 long docId = docIds.get();
                 long rankEncodedId = docIdRewriter.rewriteDocId(docId);
@@ -101,12 +96,13 @@ public class FullPreindexDocuments {
                     ByteBuffer pos = tPos.get(i);
 
                     long offset = offsetMap.addTo(termId, RECORD_SIZE_LONGS);
-                    long encodedPosOffset = positionsFileConstructor.add(meta, pos);
+                    long encodedPosOffset = positionsFileConstructor.add(positionsBlock, meta, pos);
 
                     assembly.put(offset + 0, rankEncodedId);
                     assembly.put(offset + 1, encodedPosOffset);
                 }
             }
+            positionsBlock.commit();
 
             assembly.write(docsFile);
         }

code/index/index-reverse/java/nu/marginalia/index/positions/PositionsFileReader.java

@@ -1,43 +1,78 @@
 package nu.marginalia.index.positions;
 
+import nu.marginalia.uring.UringFileReader;
 import org.slf4j.Logger;
 import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
 
 import java.io.IOException;
 import java.lang.foreign.Arena;
-import java.nio.channels.FileChannel;
+import java.lang.foreign.MemorySegment;
+import java.nio.file.Files;
 import java.nio.file.Path;
-import java.nio.file.StandardOpenOption;
+import java.util.List;
 
+/** Reads positions data from the positions file */
 public class PositionsFileReader implements AutoCloseable {
-    private final FileChannel positions;
+
+    private final UringFileReader uringFileReader;
     private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(PositionsFileReader.class);
 
     public PositionsFileReader(Path positionsFile) throws IOException {
-        this.positions = FileChannel.open(positionsFile, StandardOpenOption.READ);
-    }
+        if (Boolean.getBoolean("index.directModePositionsFile")) {
+            if ((Files.size(positionsFile) & 4095) != 0) {
+                throw new IllegalArgumentException("Positions file is not block aligned in size: " + Files.size(positionsFile));
+            }
 
-    /** Get the positions for a term in the index, as pointed out by the encoded offset;
-     * intermediate buffers are allocated from the provided arena allocator. */
-    public TermData getTermData(Arena arena, long sizeEncodedOffset) {
-        int length = PositionCodec.decodeSize(sizeEncodedOffset);
-        long offset = PositionCodec.decodeOffset(sizeEncodedOffset);
-
-        var segment = arena.allocate(length);
-        var buffer = segment.asByteBuffer();
-
-        try {
-            positions.read(buffer, offset);
-        } catch (IOException e) {
-            throw new RuntimeException(e);
+            uringFileReader = new UringFileReader(positionsFile, true);
+        }
+        else {
+            uringFileReader = new UringFileReader(positionsFile, false);
         }
-
-        return new TermData(buffer);
     }
 
     @Override
     public void close() throws IOException {
-        positions.close();
+        uringFileReader.close();
+    }
+
+    /** Get the positions for a keywords in the index, as pointed out by the encoded offsets;
+     * intermediate buffers are allocated from the provided arena allocator. */
+    public TermData[] getTermData(Arena arena, long[] offsets) {
+
+        int cnt = 0;
+
+        for (int i = 0; i < offsets.length; i++) {
+            long encodedOffset = offsets[i];
+            if (encodedOffset == 0) continue;
+            cnt++;
+        }
+
+        if (cnt == 0) {
+            return new TermData[offsets.length];
+        }
+
+        long[] readOffsets = new long[cnt];
+        int[] readSizes = new int[cnt];
+
+        for (int i = 0, j = 0; i < offsets.length; i++) {
+            long encodedOffset = offsets[i];
+            if (encodedOffset == 0) continue;
+
+            readSizes[j] = PositionCodec.decodeSize(encodedOffset);
+            readOffsets[j] = PositionCodec.decodeOffset(encodedOffset);
+            j++;
+        }
+
+        List<MemorySegment> buffers = uringFileReader.readUnaligned(arena, readOffsets, readSizes, 4096);
+
+        TermData[] ret = new TermData[offsets.length];
+        for (int i = 0, j=0; i < offsets.length; i++) {
+            long encodedOffset = offsets[i];
+            if (encodedOffset == 0) continue;
+            ret[i] = new TermData(buffers.get(j++).asByteBuffer());
+        }
+
+        return ret;
     }
 
 }

code/index/index-reverse/java/nu/marginalia/index/query/ReverseIndexRejectFilter.java

@@ -1,24 +1,22 @@
 package nu.marginalia.index.query;
 
 import nu.marginalia.array.page.LongQueryBuffer;
-import nu.marginalia.btree.BTreeReader;
 import nu.marginalia.index.query.filter.QueryFilterStepIf;
+import nu.marginalia.skiplist.SkipListReader;
 
-public record ReverseIndexRejectFilter(BTreeReader range) implements QueryFilterStepIf {
+public record ReverseIndexRejectFilter(SkipListReader range, IndexSearchBudget budget) implements QueryFilterStepIf {
 
     @Override
     public void apply(LongQueryBuffer buffer) {
-        range.rejectEntries(buffer);
+        while (budget.hasTimeLeft() && range.tryRejectData(buffer));
+
         buffer.finalizeFiltering();
     }
 
-    public boolean test(long id) {
-        return range.findEntry(id) < 0;
-    }
 
     @Override
     public double cost() {
-        return range.numEntries();
+        return 1;
     }
 
     @Override

code/index/index-reverse/java/nu/marginalia/index/query/ReverseIndexRetainFilter.java

@@ -1,24 +1,21 @@
 package nu.marginalia.index.query;
 
 import nu.marginalia.array.page.LongQueryBuffer;
-import nu.marginalia.btree.BTreeReader;
 import nu.marginalia.index.query.filter.QueryFilterStepIf;
+import nu.marginalia.skiplist.SkipListReader;
 
-public record ReverseIndexRetainFilter(BTreeReader range, String name, long wordId) implements QueryFilterStepIf {
+public record ReverseIndexRetainFilter(SkipListReader range, String name, long wordId, IndexSearchBudget budget) implements QueryFilterStepIf {
 
     @Override
     public void apply(LongQueryBuffer buffer) {
-        range.retainEntries(buffer);
-        buffer.finalizeFiltering();
-    }
+        while (budget.hasTimeLeft() && range.tryRetainData(buffer));
 
-    public boolean test(long id) {
-        return range.findEntry(id) >= 0;
+        buffer.finalizeFiltering();
     }
 
     @Override
     public double cost() {
-        return range.numEntries();
+        return 1;
     }
 
     @Override

code/index/index-reverse/test/nu/marginalia/index/PositionsFileReaderTest.java

@@ -11,7 +11,6 @@ import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
 
 import java.io.IOException;
 import java.lang.foreign.Arena;
-import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
 import java.nio.file.Files;
 import java.nio.file.Path;
 
@@ -32,32 +31,32 @@ class PositionsFileReaderTest {
 
     @Test
     void getTermData() throws IOException {
-        ByteBuffer workArea = ByteBuffer.allocate(8192);
         long key1, key2, key3;
         try (PositionsFileConstructor constructor = new PositionsFileConstructor(file)) {
-            key1 = constructor.add((byte) 43, VarintCodedSequence.generate(1, 2, 3).buffer());
-            key2 = constructor.add((byte) 51, VarintCodedSequence.generate(2, 3, 5, 1000, 5000, 20241).buffer());
-            key3 = constructor.add((byte) 61, VarintCodedSequence.generate(3, 5, 7).buffer());
+            var block = constructor.getBlock();
+            key1 = constructor.add(block, (byte) 43, VarintCodedSequence.generate(1, 2, 3).buffer());
+            key2 = constructor.add(block, (byte) 51, VarintCodedSequence.generate(2, 3, 5, 1000, 5000, 20241).buffer());
+            key3 = constructor.add(block, (byte) 61, VarintCodedSequence.generate(3, 5, 7).buffer());
+            block.commit();
         }
 
         System.out.println("key1: " + Long.toHexString(key1));
         System.out.println("key2: " + Long.toHexString(key2));
         System.out.println("key3: " + Long.toHexString(key3));
 
-        try (Arena arena = Arena.ofConfined();
+        try (Arena arena = Arena.ofShared();
             PositionsFileReader reader = new PositionsFileReader(file))
         {
-            TermData data1 = reader.getTermData(arena, key1);
-            assertEquals(43, data1.flags());
-            assertEquals(IntList.of( 1, 2, 3), data1.positions().values());
+            TermData[] data = reader.getTermData(arena, new long[] { key1, key2, key3 });
 
-            TermData data2 = reader.getTermData(arena, key2);
-            assertEquals(51, data2.flags());
-            assertEquals(IntList.of(2, 3, 5, 1000, 5000, 20241), data2.positions().values());
+            assertEquals(43, data[0].flags());
+            assertEquals(IntList.of( 1, 2, 3), data[0].positions().values());
 
-            TermData data3 = reader.getTermData(arena, key3);
-            assertEquals(61, data3.flags());
-            assertEquals(IntList.of(3, 5, 7), data3.positions().values());
+            assertEquals(51, data[1].flags());
+            assertEquals(IntList.of(2, 3, 5, 1000, 5000, 20241), data[1].positions().values());
+
+            assertEquals(61, data[2].flags());
+            assertEquals(IntList.of(3, 5, 7), data[2].positions().values());
         }
     }
 }

code/index/index-reverse/test/nu/marginalia/index/construction/full/FullPreindexFinalizeTest.java

@@ -1,149 +0,0 @@
-
-package nu.marginalia.index.construction.full;
-
-import nu.marginalia.array.LongArrayFactory;
-import nu.marginalia.btree.model.BTreeHeader;
-import nu.marginalia.hash.MurmurHash3_128;
-import nu.marginalia.index.construction.DocIdRewriter;
-import nu.marginalia.index.construction.PositionsFileConstructor;
-import org.junit.jupiter.api.AfterEach;
-import org.junit.jupiter.api.BeforeEach;
-import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
-
-import java.io.IOException;
-import java.nio.file.Files;
-import java.nio.file.Path;
-import java.util.ArrayList;
-import java.util.List;
-
-import static nu.marginalia.index.construction.full.TestJournalFactory.EntryDataWithWordMeta;
-import static nu.marginalia.index.construction.full.TestJournalFactory.wm;
-import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;
-import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertTrue;
-
-class FullPreindexFinalizeTest {
-    TestJournalFactory journalFactory;
-    Path positionsFile;
-    Path countsFile;
-    Path wordsIdFile;
-    Path docsFile;
-    Path tempDir;
-
-    @BeforeEach
-    public void setUp() throws IOException  {
-        journalFactory = new TestJournalFactory();
-
-        positionsFile = Files.createTempFile("positions", ".dat");
-        countsFile = Files.createTempFile("counts", ".dat");
-        wordsIdFile = Files.createTempFile("words", ".dat");
-        docsFile = Files.createTempFile("docs", ".dat");
-        tempDir = Files.createTempDirectory("sort");
-    }
-
-    @AfterEach
-    public void tearDown() throws IOException {
-        journalFactory.clear();
-
-        Files.deleteIfExists(countsFile);
-        Files.deleteIfExists(wordsIdFile);
-        List<Path> contents = new ArrayList<>();
-        Files.list(tempDir).forEach(contents::add);
-        for (var tempFile : contents) {
-            Files.delete(tempFile);
-        }
-        Files.delete(tempDir);
-    }
-
-    MurmurHash3_128 hash = new MurmurHash3_128();
-    long termId(String keyword) {
-        return hash.hashKeyword(keyword);
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testFinalizeSimple() throws IOException {
-        var reader = journalFactory.createReader(new EntryDataWithWordMeta(100, 101, wm(50, 51)));
-        var preindex = FullPreindex.constructPreindex(reader,
-                new PositionsFileConstructor(positionsFile),
-                DocIdRewriter.identity(), tempDir);
-
-
-        preindex.finalizeIndex(tempDir.resolve( "docs.dat"), tempDir.resolve("words.dat"));
-        preindex.delete();
-
-        Path wordsFile = tempDir.resolve("words.dat");
-        Path docsFile =  tempDir.resolve("docs.dat");
-
-        assertTrue(Files.exists(wordsFile));
-        assertTrue(Files.exists(docsFile));
-
-        System.out.println(Files.size(wordsFile));
-        System.out.println(Files.size(docsFile));
-
-        var docsArray = LongArrayFactory.mmapForReadingConfined(docsFile);
-        var wordsArray = LongArrayFactory.mmapForReadingConfined(wordsFile);
-
-        var docsHeader = new BTreeHeader(docsArray, 0);
-        var wordsHeader = new BTreeHeader(wordsArray, 0);
-
-        assertEquals(1, docsHeader.numEntries());
-        assertEquals(1, wordsHeader.numEntries());
-
-        assertEquals(100, docsArray.get(docsHeader.dataOffsetLongs() + 0));
-        assertEquals(termId("50"), wordsArray.get(wordsHeader.dataOffsetLongs()));
-    }
-
-
-    @Test
-    public void testFinalizeSimple2x2() throws IOException {
-        var reader = journalFactory.createReader(
-                new EntryDataWithWordMeta(100, 101, wm(50, 51)),
-                new EntryDataWithWordMeta(101, 101, wm(51, 52))
-                );
-
-        var preindex = FullPreindex.constructPreindex(reader,
-                new PositionsFileConstructor(positionsFile),
-                DocIdRewriter.identity(), tempDir);
-
-        preindex.finalizeIndex(tempDir.resolve( "docs.dat"), tempDir.resolve("words.dat"));
-        preindex.delete();
-
-        Path wordsFile = tempDir.resolve("words.dat");
-        Path docsFile =  tempDir.resolve("docs.dat");
-
-        assertTrue(Files.exists(wordsFile));
-        assertTrue(Files.exists(docsFile));
-
-        System.out.println(Files.size(wordsFile));
-        System.out.println(Files.size(docsFile));
-
-        var docsArray = LongArrayFactory.mmapForReadingConfined(docsFile);
-        var wordsArray = LongArrayFactory.mmapForReadingConfined(wordsFile);
-
-
-        var wordsHeader = new BTreeHeader(wordsArray, 0);
-
-        System.out.println(wordsHeader);
-
-        assertEquals(2, wordsHeader.numEntries());
-
-        long offset1 = wordsArray.get(wordsHeader.dataOffsetLongs() + 1);
-        long offset2 = wordsArray.get(wordsHeader.dataOffsetLongs() + 3);
-
-        assertEquals(termId("50"), wordsArray.get(wordsHeader.dataOffsetLongs()));
-        assertEquals(termId("50"), wordsArray.get(wordsHeader.dataOffsetLongs()));
-
-        BTreeHeader docsHeader;
-
-        docsHeader = new BTreeHeader(docsArray, offset1);
-        System.out.println(docsHeader);
-        assertEquals(1, docsHeader.numEntries());
-
-        assertEquals(100, docsArray.get(docsHeader.dataOffsetLongs() + 0));
-
-        docsHeader = new BTreeHeader(docsArray, offset2);
-        System.out.println(docsHeader);
-        assertEquals(1, docsHeader.numEntries());
-
-        assertEquals(101, docsArray.get(docsHeader.dataOffsetLongs() + 0));
-    }
-}

code/index/java/nu/marginalia/domainranking/PageRankDomainRanker.java

@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
-package nu.marginalia.ranking.domains;
+package nu.marginalia.domainranking;
 
 import gnu.trove.list.TIntList;
 import gnu.trove.list.array.TIntArrayList;
-import nu.marginalia.ranking.domains.accumulator.RankingResultAccumulator;
-import nu.marginalia.ranking.domains.data.GraphSource;
-import nu.marginalia.ranking.domains.jgrapht.PersonalizedPageRank;
+import nu.marginalia.domainranking.accumulator.RankingResultAccumulator;
+import nu.marginalia.domainranking.data.GraphSource;
+import nu.marginalia.domainranking.jgrapht.PersonalizedPageRank;
 import org.jgrapht.Graph;
 import org.jgrapht.alg.interfaces.VertexScoringAlgorithm;
 import org.jgrapht.alg.scoring.PageRank;

code/index/java/nu/marginalia/domainranking/RankingAlgorithm.java

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-package nu.marginalia.ranking.domains;
+package nu.marginalia.domainranking;
 
-import nu.marginalia.ranking.domains.accumulator.RankingResultAccumulator;
+import nu.marginalia.domainranking.accumulator.RankingResultAccumulator;
 
 import java.util.function.Supplier;
 

code/index/java/nu/marginalia/domainranking/accumulator/RankingResultAccumulator.java

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-package nu.marginalia.ranking.domains.accumulator;
+package nu.marginalia.domainranking.accumulator;
 
 public interface RankingResultAccumulator<T> {
     void add(int domainId, int rank);

code/index/java/nu/marginalia/domainranking/accumulator/RankingResultBitSetAccumulator.java

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-package nu.marginalia.ranking.domains.accumulator;
+package nu.marginalia.domainranking.accumulator;
 
 import org.roaringbitmap.RoaringBitmap;
 

code/index/java/nu/marginalia/domainranking/accumulator/RankingResultHashMapAccumulator.java

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-package nu.marginalia.ranking.domains.accumulator;
+package nu.marginalia.domainranking.accumulator;
 
 import it.unimi.dsi.fastutil.ints.Int2IntOpenHashMap;
 

code/index/java/nu/marginalia/domainranking/accumulator/RankingResultHashSetAccumulator.java

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-package nu.marginalia.ranking.domains.accumulator;
+package nu.marginalia.domainranking.accumulator;
 
 import it.unimi.dsi.fastutil.ints.IntOpenHashSet;
 

code/index/java/nu/marginalia/domainranking/accumulator/RankingResultListAccumulator.java

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-package nu.marginalia.ranking.domains.accumulator;
+package nu.marginalia.domainranking.accumulator;
 
 import gnu.trove.list.array.TIntArrayList;
 

code/index/java/nu/marginalia/domainranking/data/AbstractGraphSource.java

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-package nu.marginalia.ranking.domains.data;
+package nu.marginalia.domainranking.data;
 
 import com.zaxxer.hikari.HikariDataSource;
 import org.jgrapht.Graph;

code/index/java/nu/marginalia/domainranking/data/GraphSource.java

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-package nu.marginalia.ranking.domains.data;
+package nu.marginalia.domainranking.data;
 
 import org.jgrapht.Graph;
 

code/index/java/nu/marginalia/domainranking/data/InvertedLinkGraphSource.java

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-package nu.marginalia.ranking.domains.data;
+package nu.marginalia.domainranking.data;
 
 import com.google.inject.Inject;
 import com.zaxxer.hikari.HikariDataSource;

code/index/java/nu/marginalia/domainranking/data/LinkGraphSource.java

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-package nu.marginalia.ranking.domains.data;
+package nu.marginalia.domainranking.data;
 
 import com.google.inject.Inject;
 import com.zaxxer.hikari.HikariDataSource;

code/index/java/nu/marginalia/domainranking/data/SimilarityGraphSource.java

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-package nu.marginalia.ranking.domains.data;
+package nu.marginalia.domainranking.data;
 
 import com.google.inject.Inject;
 import com.zaxxer.hikari.HikariDataSource;

code/index/java/nu/marginalia/domainranking/jgrapht/PersonalizedPageRank.java

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-package nu.marginalia.ranking.domains.jgrapht;
+package nu.marginalia.domainranking.jgrapht;
 
 /*
  * (C) Copyright 2016-2023, by Dimitrios Michail and Contributors.
@@ -21,8 +21,9 @@ package nu.marginalia.ranking.domains.jgrapht;
 
 /* (modified by @vlofgren to add personalization) */
 
-import org.jgrapht.*;
-import org.jgrapht.alg.interfaces.*;
+import org.jgrapht.Graph;
+import org.jgrapht.Graphs;
+import org.jgrapht.alg.interfaces.VertexScoringAlgorithm;
 
 import java.util.*;
 

code/index/java/nu/marginalia/index/IndexGrpcService.java

@@ -2,28 +2,18 @@ package nu.marginalia.index;
 
 import com.google.inject.Inject;
 import com.google.inject.Singleton;
+import io.grpc.Status;
 import io.grpc.stub.StreamObserver;
 import io.prometheus.client.Counter;
 import io.prometheus.client.Gauge;
 import io.prometheus.client.Histogram;
-import it.unimi.dsi.fastutil.longs.LongArrayList;
 import nu.marginalia.api.searchquery.IndexApiGrpc;
 import nu.marginalia.api.searchquery.RpcDecoratedResultItem;
 import nu.marginalia.api.searchquery.RpcIndexQuery;
-import nu.marginalia.api.searchquery.RpcResultRankingParameters;
-import nu.marginalia.api.searchquery.model.compiled.CompiledQuery;
-import nu.marginalia.api.searchquery.model.compiled.CompiledQueryLong;
-import nu.marginalia.api.searchquery.model.compiled.CqDataInt;
 import nu.marginalia.api.searchquery.model.query.SearchSpecification;
-import nu.marginalia.api.searchquery.model.results.ResultRankingContext;
-import nu.marginalia.array.page.LongQueryBuffer;
 import nu.marginalia.index.index.StatefulIndex;
 import nu.marginalia.index.model.SearchParameters;
-import nu.marginalia.index.model.SearchTerms;
-import nu.marginalia.index.query.IndexQuery;
-import nu.marginalia.index.query.IndexSearchBudget;
 import nu.marginalia.index.results.IndexResultRankingService;
-import nu.marginalia.index.results.model.ids.CombinedDocIdList;
 import nu.marginalia.index.searchset.SearchSet;
 import nu.marginalia.index.searchset.SearchSetsService;
 import nu.marginalia.index.searchset.SmallSearchSet;
@@ -34,14 +24,7 @@ import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
 import org.slf4j.Marker;
 import org.slf4j.MarkerFactory;
 
-import java.util.BitSet;
 import java.util.List;
-import java.util.concurrent.ArrayBlockingQueue;
-import java.util.concurrent.Executor;
-import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
-import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
-import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger;
-import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicLong;
 
 @Singleton
 public class IndexGrpcService
@@ -87,23 +70,22 @@ public class IndexGrpcService
     private final StatefulIndex statefulIndex;
     private final SearchSetsService searchSetsService;
 
-    private final IndexResultRankingService resultValuator;
+    private final IndexResultRankingService rankingService;
 
     private final String nodeName;
 
-    private static final int indexValuationThreads = Integer.getInteger("index.valuationThreads", 16);
 
     @Inject
     public IndexGrpcService(ServiceConfiguration serviceConfiguration,
                             StatefulIndex statefulIndex,
                             SearchSetsService searchSetsService,
-                            IndexResultRankingService resultValuator)
+                            IndexResultRankingService rankingService)
     {
         var nodeId = serviceConfiguration.node();
         this.nodeName = Integer.toString(nodeId);
         this.statefulIndex = statefulIndex;
         this.searchSetsService = searchSetsService;
-        this.resultValuator = resultValuator;
+        this.rankingService = rankingService;
     }
 
     // GRPC endpoint
@@ -120,7 +102,13 @@ public class IndexGrpcService
                     .time(() -> {
                         // Perform the search
                         try {
-                            return executeSearch(params);
+
+                            if (!statefulIndex.isLoaded()) {
+                                // Short-circuit if the index is not loaded, as we trivially know that there can be no results
+                                return List.of();
+                            }
+
+                            return new IndexQueryExecution(params, rankingService, statefulIndex.get()).run();
                         }
                         catch (Exception ex) {
                             logger.error("Error in handling request", ex);
@@ -148,7 +136,7 @@ public class IndexGrpcService
         }
         catch (Exception ex) {
             logger.error("Error in handling request", ex);
-            responseObserver.onError(ex);
+            responseObserver.onError(Status.INTERNAL.withCause(ex).asRuntimeException());
         }
     }
 
@@ -156,7 +144,12 @@ public class IndexGrpcService
     // exists for test access
     public List<RpcDecoratedResultItem> justQuery(SearchSpecification specsSet) {
         try {
-            return executeSearch(new SearchParameters(specsSet, getSearchSet(specsSet)));
+            if (!statefulIndex.isLoaded()) {
+                // Short-circuit if the index is not loaded, as we trivially know that there can be no results
+                return List.of();
+            }
+
+            return new IndexQueryExecution(new SearchParameters(specsSet, getSearchSet(specsSet)), rankingService, statefulIndex.get()).run();
         }
         catch (Exception ex) {
             logger.error("Error in handling request", ex);
@@ -182,262 +175,6 @@ public class IndexGrpcService
         return searchSetsService.getSearchSetByName(request.getSearchSetIdentifier());
     }
 
-    // accessible for tests
-    public List<RpcDecoratedResultItem> executeSearch(SearchParameters params) throws Exception {
-
-        if (!statefulIndex.isLoaded()) {
-            // Short-circuit if the index is not loaded, as we trivially know that there can be no results
-            return List.of();
-        }
-
-        ResultRankingContext rankingContext = createRankingContext(params.rankingParams,
-                params.compiledQuery,
-                params.compiledQueryIds);
-
-        var queryExecution = new QueryExecution(rankingContext, params.fetchSize);
-
-        List<RpcDecoratedResultItem> ret = queryExecution.run(params);
-
-        wmsa_index_query_exec_block_time
-                .labels(nodeName)
-                .set(queryExecution.getBlockTime() / 1000.);
-        wmsa_index_query_exec_stall_time
-                .labels(nodeName)
-                .set(queryExecution.getStallTime() / 1000.);
-
-        return ret;
-    }
-
-    /** This class is responsible for ranking the results and adding the best results to the
-     * resultHeap, which depending on the state of the indexLookup threads may or may not block
-     */
-    private ResultRankingContext createRankingContext(RpcResultRankingParameters rankingParams,
-                                                      CompiledQuery<String> compiledQuery,
-                                                      CompiledQueryLong compiledQueryIds)
-    {
-
-        int[] full = new int[compiledQueryIds.size()];
-        int[] prio = new int[compiledQueryIds.size()];
-
-        BitSet ngramsMask = new BitSet(compiledQuery.size());
-        BitSet regularMask = new BitSet(compiledQuery.size());
-
-        var currentIndex = statefulIndex.get();
-
-        for (int idx = 0; idx < compiledQueryIds.size(); idx++) {
-            long id = compiledQueryIds.at(idx);
-            full[idx] = currentIndex.numHits(id);
-            prio[idx] = currentIndex.numHitsPrio(id);
-
-            if (compiledQuery.at(idx).contains("_")) {
-                ngramsMask.set(idx);
-            }
-            else {
-                regularMask.set(idx);
-            }
-        }
-
-        return new ResultRankingContext(currentIndex.totalDocCount(),
-                rankingParams,
-                ngramsMask,
-                regularMask,
-                new CqDataInt(full),
-                new CqDataInt(prio));
-    }
-
-    /** This class is responsible for executing a search query. It uses a thread pool to
-     * execute the subqueries and their valuation in parallel. The results are then combined
-     * into a bounded priority queue, and finally the best results are returned.
-     */
-    private class QueryExecution {
-
-        private static final Executor workerPool = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();
-
-        /** The queue where the results from the index lookup threads are placed,
-         * pending ranking by the result ranker threads */
-        private final ArrayBlockingQueue<CombinedDocIdList> resultCandidateQueue
-                = new ArrayBlockingQueue<>(64);
-        private final ResultPriorityQueue resultHeap;
-
-        private final ResultRankingContext resultRankingContext;
-        private final AtomicInteger remainingIndexTasks = new AtomicInteger(0);
-
-        private final AtomicInteger remainingValuationTasks = new AtomicInteger(0);
-        private final AtomicLong blockTime = new AtomicLong(0);
-
-        private final AtomicLong stallTime = new AtomicLong(0);
-
-        public long getStallTime() {
-            return stallTime.get();
-        }
-
-        public long getBlockTime() {
-            return blockTime.get();
-        }
-
-        private QueryExecution(ResultRankingContext resultRankingContext, int maxResults) {
-            this.resultRankingContext = resultRankingContext;
-            this.resultHeap = new ResultPriorityQueue(maxResults);
-        }
-
-        /** Execute a search query */
-        public List<RpcDecoratedResultItem> run(SearchParameters parameters) throws Exception {
-
-            var terms = new SearchTerms(parameters.query, parameters.compiledQueryIds);
-
-            var currentIndex = statefulIndex.get();
-            for (var indexQuery : currentIndex.createQueries(terms, parameters.queryParams)) {
-                workerPool.execute(new IndexLookup(indexQuery, parameters.budget));
-            }
-
-            for (int i = 0; i < indexValuationThreads; i++) {
-                workerPool.execute(new ResultRanker(parameters, resultRankingContext));
-            }
-
-            // Wait for all tasks to complete
-            awaitCompletion();
-
-            // Return the best results
-            return resultValuator.selectBestResults(parameters, resultRankingContext, resultHeap);
-        }
-
-        /** Wait for all tasks to complete */
-        private void awaitCompletion() throws InterruptedException {
-            synchronized (remainingValuationTasks) {
-                while (remainingValuationTasks.get() > 0) {
-                    remainingValuationTasks.wait(20);
-                }
-            }
-        }
-        /** This class is responsible for executing a subquery and adding the results to the
-         * resultCandidateQueue, which depending on the state of the valuator threads may
-         * or may not block */
-        class IndexLookup implements Runnable {
-            private final IndexQuery query;
-
-            private final IndexSearchBudget budget;
-
-            IndexLookup(IndexQuery query,
-                        IndexSearchBudget budget) {
-                this.query = query;
-                this.budget = budget;
-
-                remainingIndexTasks.incrementAndGet();
-            }
-
-            public void run() {
-                try {
-                    executeSearch();
-                }
-                catch (Exception ex) {
-                    logger.error("Error in index lookup", ex);
-                }
-                finally {
-                    synchronized (remainingIndexTasks) {
-                        if (remainingIndexTasks.decrementAndGet() == 0) {
-                            remainingIndexTasks.notifyAll();
-                        }
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-
-            private void executeSearch() {
-                final LongArrayList results = new LongArrayList(16);
-
-                // These queries are different indices for one subquery
-                final LongQueryBuffer buffer = new LongQueryBuffer(4096);
-
-                while (query.hasMore() && budget.hasTimeLeft())
-                {
-                    buffer.reset();
-                    query.getMoreResults(buffer);
-
-                    for (int i = 0; i < buffer.end; i+=16) {
-                        for (int j = 0; j < Math.min(buffer.end - i, 16); j++) {
-                            results.add(buffer.data.get(i+j));
-                        }
-                        enqueueResults(new CombinedDocIdList(results));
-                        results.clear();
-                    }
-                }
-
-                buffer.dispose();
-            }
-
-            private void enqueueResults(CombinedDocIdList resultIds) {
-                long remainingTime = budget.timeLeft();
-
-                try {
-                    if (!resultCandidateQueue.offer(resultIds)) {
-                        long start = System.currentTimeMillis();
-                        resultCandidateQueue.offer(resultIds, remainingTime, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
-                        blockTime.addAndGet(System.currentTimeMillis() - start);
-                    }
-                }
-                catch (InterruptedException e) {
-                    logger.warn("Interrupted while waiting to offer resultIds to queue", e);
-                }
-            }
-
-        }
-        class ResultRanker implements Runnable {
-            private final SearchParameters parameters;
-
-            private final ResultRankingContext rankingContext;
-
-            ResultRanker(SearchParameters parameters, ResultRankingContext rankingContext) {
-                this.parameters = parameters;
-                this.rankingContext = rankingContext;
-
-                remainingValuationTasks.incrementAndGet();
-            }
-
-            public void run() {
-                try {
-                    while (parameters.budget.timeLeft() > 0 && execute());
-                }
-                catch (InterruptedException e) {
-                    logger.warn("Interrupted while waiting to poll resultIds from queue", e);
-                }
-                catch (Exception e) {
-                    logger.error("Exception while ranking results", e);
-                }
-                finally {
-                    synchronized (remainingValuationTasks) {
-                        if (remainingValuationTasks.decrementAndGet() == 0)
-                            remainingValuationTasks.notifyAll();
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-
-            private boolean execute() throws Exception {
-                long start = System.currentTimeMillis();
-
-                // Do a relatively short poll to ensure we terminate in a timely manner
-                // in the event all work is done
-                final long pollTime = Math.clamp(parameters.budget.timeLeft(), 1, 5);
-                CombinedDocIdList resultIds = resultCandidateQueue.poll(pollTime, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
-
-                if (resultIds == null) {
-                    // check if we are done and can terminate
-                    if (remainingIndexTasks.get() == 0 && resultCandidateQueue.isEmpty()) {
-                        return false;
-                    }
-                }
-                else {
-                    stallTime.addAndGet(System.currentTimeMillis() - start);
-
-                    resultHeap.addAll(
-                            resultValuator.rankResults(parameters, false, rankingContext, resultIds)
-                    );
-                }
-
-                return true; // keep going
-            }
-
-        }
-
-    }
 
 }
 

code/index/java/nu/marginalia/index/IndexQueryExecution.java

@@ -0,0 +1,228 @@
+package nu.marginalia.index;
+
+import nu.marginalia.api.searchquery.RpcDecoratedResultItem;
+import nu.marginalia.array.page.LongQueryBuffer;
+import nu.marginalia.index.index.CombinedIndexReader;
+import nu.marginalia.index.model.ResultRankingContext;
+import nu.marginalia.index.model.SearchParameters;
+import nu.marginalia.index.model.SearchTerms;
+import nu.marginalia.index.query.IndexQuery;
+import nu.marginalia.index.query.IndexSearchBudget;
+import nu.marginalia.index.results.IndexResultRankingService;
+import nu.marginalia.index.results.model.ids.CombinedDocIdList;
+import nu.marginalia.skiplist.SkipListConstants;
+import org.slf4j.Logger;
+import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
+
+import java.sql.SQLException;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.concurrent.*;
+import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicLong;
+
+/** Performs an index query */
+public class IndexQueryExecution {
+
+    private static final int indexValuationThreads = Integer.getInteger("index.valuationThreads", 16);
+    private static final int indexPreparationThreads = Integer.getInteger("index.preparationThreads", 4);
+
+    // Since most NVMe drives have a maximum read size of 128 KB, and most small reads are 512B
+    // this should probably be 128*1024 / 512 = 256 to reduce queue depth and optimize tail latency
+    private static final int evaluationBatchSize = 256;
+
+    // This should probably be SkipListConstants.BLOCK_SIZE / 16 in order to reduce the number of unnecessary read
+    // operations per lookup and again optimize tail latency
+    private static final int lookupBatchSize = SkipListConstants.BLOCK_SIZE / 16;
+
+    private static final AtomicLong lookupTime = new AtomicLong();
+    private static final AtomicLong prepTime = new AtomicLong();
+    private static final AtomicLong valuationTime = new AtomicLong();
+
+    private static final ExecutorService threadPool = new ThreadPoolExecutor(indexValuationThreads, Integer.MAX_VALUE, 60L, TimeUnit.SECONDS, new SynchronousQueue<>());
+    private static final Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(IndexQueryExecution.class);
+
+    private final IndexResultRankingService rankingService;
+
+    private final ResultRankingContext rankingContext;
+    private final List<IndexQuery> queries;
+    private final IndexSearchBudget budget;
+    private final ResultPriorityQueue resultHeap;
+    private final CountDownLatch lookupCountdown;
+    private final CountDownLatch preparationCountdown;
+    private final CountDownLatch rankingCountdown;
+
+    private final ArrayBlockingQueue<CombinedDocIdList> fullPreparationQueue = new ArrayBlockingQueue<>(8, true);
+    private final ArrayBlockingQueue<CombinedDocIdList> priorityPreparationQueue = new ArrayBlockingQueue<>(8, true);
+    private final ArrayBlockingQueue<IndexResultRankingService.RankingData> fullEvaluationQueue = new ArrayBlockingQueue<>(8, true);
+    private final ArrayBlockingQueue<IndexResultRankingService.RankingData> priorityEvaluationQueue = new ArrayBlockingQueue<>(8, true);
+
+    private final int limitTotal;
+    private final int limitByDomain;
+
+    static {
+        Thread.ofPlatform().daemon().start(() -> {
+            for (;;) {
+                try {
+                    TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(10);
+                }
+                catch (InterruptedException e) {
+                    e.printStackTrace();
+                    break;
+                }
+                log.info("Lookup: {}, Valuation: {}, Prep Time: {}", lookupTime.get() / 1_000_000_000.,  valuationTime.get() / 1_000_000_000., prepTime.get() / 1_000_000_000.);
+            }
+        });
+    }
+
+    public IndexQueryExecution(SearchParameters params,
+                               IndexResultRankingService rankingService,
+                               CombinedIndexReader currentIndex) {
+        this.rankingService = rankingService;
+
+        resultHeap = new ResultPriorityQueue(params.fetchSize);
+
+        budget = params.budget;
+        limitByDomain = params.limitByDomain;
+        limitTotal = params.limitTotal;
+
+        rankingContext = ResultRankingContext.create(currentIndex, params);
+        queries = currentIndex.createQueries(new SearchTerms(params.query, params.compiledQueryIds), params.queryParams, budget);
+
+        lookupCountdown = new CountDownLatch(queries.size());
+        preparationCountdown = new CountDownLatch(indexPreparationThreads * 2);
+        rankingCountdown = new CountDownLatch(indexValuationThreads * 2);
+    }
+
+    public List<RpcDecoratedResultItem> run() throws InterruptedException, SQLException {
+        for (IndexQuery query : queries) {
+            threadPool.submit(() -> lookup(query));
+        }
+
+        for (int i = 0; i < indexPreparationThreads; i++) {
+            threadPool.submit(() -> prepare(priorityPreparationQueue, priorityEvaluationQueue));
+            threadPool.submit(() -> prepare(fullPreparationQueue, fullEvaluationQueue));
+        }
+
+        // Spawn lookup tasks for each query
+        for (int i = 0; i < indexValuationThreads; i++) {
+            threadPool.submit(() -> evaluate(priorityEvaluationQueue));
+            threadPool.submit(() -> evaluate(fullEvaluationQueue));
+        }
+
+        // Await lookup task termination
+        lookupCountdown.await();
+        preparationCountdown.await();
+        rankingCountdown.await();
+
+        // Deallocate any leftover ranking data buffers
+        for (var data : priorityEvaluationQueue) {
+            data.close();
+        }
+        for (var data : fullEvaluationQueue) {
+            data.close();
+        }
+
+        // Final result selection
+        return rankingService.selectBestResults(limitByDomain, limitTotal, rankingContext, resultHeap.toList());
+    }
+
+    private List<Future<?>> lookup(IndexQuery query) {
+        final LongQueryBuffer buffer = new LongQueryBuffer(lookupBatchSize);
+        List<Future<?>> evaluationJobs = new ArrayList<>();
+        try {
+            while (query.hasMore() && budget.hasTimeLeft()) {
+
+                buffer.zero();
+
+                long st = System.nanoTime();
+                query.getMoreResults(buffer);
+                long et = System.nanoTime();
+                lookupTime.addAndGet(et - st);
+
+                if (buffer.isEmpty())
+                    continue;
+
+                var queue = query.isPrioritized() ? priorityPreparationQueue : fullPreparationQueue;
+
+                if (buffer.end <= evaluationBatchSize) {
+                    var docIds = new CombinedDocIdList(buffer);
+
+                    if (!queue.offer(docIds, Math.max(1, budget.timeLeft()), TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS))
+                        break;
+                }
+                else {
+                    long[] bufferData = buffer.copyData();
+                    for (int start = 0; start < bufferData.length; start+= evaluationBatchSize) {
+
+                        long[] slice =  Arrays.copyOfRange(bufferData, start,
+                                Math.min(start + evaluationBatchSize, bufferData.length));
+
+                        var docIds = new CombinedDocIdList(slice);
+
+                        if (!queue.offer(docIds, Math.max(1, budget.timeLeft()), TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS))
+                            break;
+
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        } catch (RuntimeException | InterruptedException ex) {
+            log.error("Exception in lookup thread", ex);
+        } finally {
+            buffer.dispose();
+            lookupCountdown.countDown();
+        }
+
+        return evaluationJobs;
+    }
+
+    private void prepare(ArrayBlockingQueue<CombinedDocIdList> inputQueue, ArrayBlockingQueue<IndexResultRankingService.RankingData> outputQueue) {
+        try {
+            while (budget.hasTimeLeft() && (lookupCountdown.getCount() > 0 || !inputQueue.isEmpty())) {
+                var docIds = inputQueue.poll(Math.clamp(budget.timeLeft(), 1, 5), TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
+                if (docIds == null) continue;
+                long st = System.nanoTime();
+                var preparedData = rankingService.prepareRankingData(rankingContext, docIds, budget);
+                long et = System.nanoTime();
+                prepTime.addAndGet(et - st);
+                if (!outputQueue.offer(preparedData, Math.max(1, budget.timeLeft()), TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS))
+                    preparedData.close();
+            }
+        } catch (TimeoutException ex) {
+            // This is normal
+        } catch (Exception ex) {
+            if (!(ex.getCause() instanceof InterruptedException)) {
+                log.error("Exception in lookup thread", ex);
+            }  // suppress logging for interrupted ex
+        } finally {
+            preparationCountdown.countDown();
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void evaluate(ArrayBlockingQueue<IndexResultRankingService.RankingData> queue) {
+        try {
+            while (budget.hasTimeLeft() && (preparationCountdown.getCount() > 0 || !queue.isEmpty())) {
+                var rankingData = queue.poll(Math.clamp(budget.timeLeft(), 1, 5), TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
+                if (rankingData == null) continue;
+
+                try (rankingData) {
+                    long st =  System.nanoTime();
+                    resultHeap.addAll(rankingService.rankResults(budget, rankingContext, rankingData, false));
+                    long et = System.nanoTime();
+                    valuationTime.addAndGet(et - st);
+                }
+            }
+        } catch (Exception ex) {
+            if (!(ex.getCause() instanceof InterruptedException)) {
+                log.error("Exception in lookup thread", ex);
+            }  // suppress logging for interrupted ex
+        } finally {
+            rankingCountdown.countDown();
+        }
+    }
+
+    public int itemsProcessed() {
+        return resultHeap.getItemsProcessed();
+    }
+
+}

code/index/java/nu/marginalia/index/ResultPriorityQueue.java

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 package nu.marginalia.index;
 
+import com.google.common.collect.MinMaxPriorityQueue;
 import it.unimi.dsi.fastutil.longs.LongOpenHashSet;
 import nu.marginalia.api.searchquery.model.results.SearchResultItem;
 import org.jetbrains.annotations.NotNull;
@@ -9,108 +10,52 @@ import java.util.*;
 /** A priority queue for search results. This class is not thread-safe,
  * in general, except for concurrent use of the addAll method.
  * <p></p>
- * The class implements a subset of the Collection interface, and
- * is intended to be used as a priority queue for search results,
- * with a maximum size.
- * <p></p>
  * Since the expected use case is to add a large number of items
  * and then iterate over the items, the class is optimized for
  * this scenario, and does not implement other mutating methods
  * than addAll().
  */
-public class ResultPriorityQueue implements Iterable<SearchResultItem>,
-        Collection<SearchResultItem> {
-    private final int limit;
-    private final ArrayList<SearchResultItem> backingList = new ArrayList<>();
+public class ResultPriorityQueue implements Iterable<SearchResultItem> {
     private final LongOpenHashSet idsInSet = new LongOpenHashSet();
+    private final MinMaxPriorityQueue<SearchResultItem> queue;
+
+    private int itemsProcessed = 0;
 
     public ResultPriorityQueue(int limit) {
-        this.limit = limit;
+        this.queue = MinMaxPriorityQueue.<SearchResultItem>orderedBy(Comparator.naturalOrder()).maximumSize(limit).create();
     }
 
     public Iterator<SearchResultItem> iterator() {
-        return backingList.iterator();
-    }
-
-    @NotNull
-    @Override
-    public Object[] toArray() {
-        return backingList.toArray();
-    }
-
-    @NotNull
-    @Override
-    public <T> T[] toArray(@NotNull T[] a) {
-        return backingList.toArray(a);
-    }
-
-    @Override
-    public boolean add(SearchResultItem searchResultItem) {
-        throw new UnsupportedOperationException("Use addAll instead");
-    }
-
-    @Override
-    public boolean remove(Object o) {
-        throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
-    }
-
-    @Override
-    public boolean containsAll(@NotNull Collection<?> c) {
-        return idsInSet.containsAll(c);
+        return queue.iterator();
     }
 
     /** Adds all items to the queue, and returns true if any items were added.
      * This is a thread-safe operation.
      */
-    @Override
     public synchronized boolean addAll(@NotNull Collection<? extends SearchResultItem> items) {
-        boolean itemsAdded = false;
-        for (var item: items) {
-            if (idsInSet.add(item.getDocumentId())) {
-                backingList.add(item);
-                itemsAdded = true;
-            }
-        }
-        if (!itemsAdded) {
-            return false;
-        }
+        itemsProcessed+=items.size();
 
-        backingList.sort(Comparator.naturalOrder());
-        if (backingList.size() > limit) {
-            backingList.subList(limit, backingList.size()).clear();
+        for (var item : items) {
+            if (idsInSet.add(item.getDocumentId())) {
+                queue.add(item);
+            }
         }
 
         return true;
     }
 
-    @Override
-    public boolean removeAll(@NotNull Collection<?> c) {
-        throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
-    }
-
-    @Override
-    public boolean retainAll(@NotNull Collection<?> c) {
-        throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
-    }
-
-    @Override
-    public void clear() {
-        backingList.clear();
-        idsInSet.clear();
+    public synchronized List<SearchResultItem> toList() {
+        return new ArrayList<>(queue);
     }
 
     public int size() {
-        return backingList.size();
+        return queue.size();
+    }
+    public int getItemsProcessed() {
+        return itemsProcessed;
     }
-
-    @Override
     public boolean isEmpty() {
-        return backingList.isEmpty();
-    }
-
-    @Override
-    public boolean contains(Object o) {
-        return backingList.contains(o);
+        return queue.isEmpty();
     }
 
 }

code/index/java/nu/marginalia/index/index/CombinedIndexReader.java

@@ -5,14 +5,17 @@ import it.unimi.dsi.fastutil.longs.LongList;
 import it.unimi.dsi.fastutil.longs.LongOpenHashSet;
 import it.unimi.dsi.fastutil.longs.LongSet;
 import nu.marginalia.api.searchquery.model.compiled.aggregate.CompiledQueryAggregates;
+import nu.marginalia.array.page.LongQueryBuffer;
 import nu.marginalia.index.FullReverseIndexReader;
 import nu.marginalia.index.PrioReverseIndexReader;
 import nu.marginalia.index.forward.ForwardIndexReader;
 import nu.marginalia.index.forward.spans.DocumentSpans;
 import nu.marginalia.index.model.QueryParams;
 import nu.marginalia.index.model.SearchTerms;
+import nu.marginalia.index.positions.TermData;
 import nu.marginalia.index.query.IndexQuery;
 import nu.marginalia.index.query.IndexQueryBuilder;
+import nu.marginalia.index.query.IndexSearchBudget;
 import nu.marginalia.index.query.filter.QueryFilterStepIf;
 import nu.marginalia.index.query.limit.SpecificationLimitType;
 import nu.marginalia.index.results.model.ids.CombinedDocIdList;
@@ -25,6 +28,7 @@ import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
 import java.lang.foreign.Arena;
 import java.time.Duration;
 import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Arrays;
 import java.util.Collections;
 import java.util.List;
 import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
@@ -55,20 +59,19 @@ public class CombinedIndexReader {
         return new IndexQueryBuilderImpl(reverseIndexFullReader, query);
     }
 
-    public QueryFilterStepIf hasWordFull(long termId) {
-        return reverseIndexFullReader.also(termId);
+    public QueryFilterStepIf hasWordFull(long termId, IndexSearchBudget budget) {
+        return reverseIndexFullReader.also(termId, budget);
     }
 
     /** Creates a query builder for terms in the priority index */
     public IndexQueryBuilder findPriorityWord(long wordId) {
-        return newQueryBuilder(new IndexQuery(reverseIndexPriorityReader.documents(wordId)))
+        return newQueryBuilder(new IndexQuery(reverseIndexPriorityReader.documents(wordId), true))
                 .withSourceTerms(wordId);
     }
 
     /** Creates a query builder for terms in the full index */
     public IndexQueryBuilder findFullWord(long wordId) {
-        return newQueryBuilder(
-                new IndexQuery(reverseIndexFullReader.documents(wordId)))
+        return newQueryBuilder(new IndexQuery(reverseIndexFullReader.documents(wordId), false))
                 .withSourceTerms(wordId);
     }
 
@@ -82,7 +85,12 @@ public class CombinedIndexReader {
         return reverseIndexFullReader.numDocuments(word);
     }
 
-    public List<IndexQuery> createQueries(SearchTerms terms, QueryParams params) {
+    /** Reset caches and buffers */
+    public void reset() {
+        reverseIndexFullReader.reset();
+    }
+
+    public List<IndexQuery> createQueries(SearchTerms terms, QueryParams params, IndexSearchBudget budget) {
 
         if (!isLoaded()) {
             logger.warn("Index reader not ready");
@@ -123,7 +131,7 @@ public class CombinedIndexReader {
                         continue;
                     }
 
-                    head.addInclusionFilter(hasWordFull(termId));
+                    head.addInclusionFilter(hasWordFull(termId, budget));
                 }
                 queryHeads.add(head);
             }
@@ -132,7 +140,7 @@ public class CombinedIndexReader {
             if (paths.size() < 4) {
                 var prioHead = findPriorityWord(elements.getLong(0));
                 for (int i = 1; i < elements.size(); i++) {
-                    prioHead.addInclusionFilter(hasWordFull(elements.getLong(i)));
+                    prioHead.addInclusionFilter(hasWordFull(elements.getLong(i), budget));
                 }
                 queryHeads.add(prioHead);
             }
@@ -143,11 +151,11 @@ public class CombinedIndexReader {
 
             // Advice terms are a special case, mandatory but not ranked, and exempt from re-writing
             for (long term : terms.advice()) {
-                query = query.also(term);
+                query = query.also(term, budget);
             }
 
             for (long term : terms.excludes()) {
-                query = query.not(term);
+                query = query.not(term, budget);
             }
 
             // Run these filter steps last, as they'll worst-case cause as many page faults as there are
@@ -178,6 +186,18 @@ public class CombinedIndexReader {
     }
 
     /** Retrieves the term metadata for the specified word for the provided documents */
+    public TermMetadataList[] getTermMetadata(Arena arena,
+                                            long[] wordIds,
+                                            CombinedDocIdList docIds)
+    {
+        TermData[] combinedTermData = reverseIndexFullReader.getTermData(arena, wordIds, docIds.array());
+        TermMetadataList[] ret = new TermMetadataList[wordIds.length];
+        for (int i = 0; i < wordIds.length; i++) {
+            ret[i] = new TermMetadataList(Arrays.copyOfRange(combinedTermData, i*docIds.size(), (i+1)*docIds.size()));
+        }
+        return ret;
+    }
+
     public TermMetadataList getTermMetadata(Arena arena,
                                             long wordId,
                                             CombinedDocIdList docIds)
@@ -205,14 +225,19 @@ public class CombinedIndexReader {
         return forwardIndexReader.getDocumentSize(docId);
     }
 
-    /** Retrieves the document spans for the specified document */
-    public DocumentSpans getDocumentSpans(Arena arena, long docId) {
-        return forwardIndexReader.getDocumentSpans(arena, docId);
+    /** Retrieves the document spans for the specified documents */
+    public DocumentSpans[] getDocumentSpans(Arena arena, CombinedDocIdList docIds) {
+        long[] decodedIDs = docIds.array();
+        for (int i = 0; i < decodedIDs.length; i++) {
+            decodedIDs[i] = UrlIdCodec.removeRank(decodedIDs[i]);
+        }
+
+        return forwardIndexReader.getDocumentSpans(arena, decodedIDs);
     }
 
     /** Close the indexes (this is not done immediately)
      * */
-    public void close() throws InterruptedException {
+    public void close() {
        /* Delay the invocation of close method to allow for a clean shutdown of the service.
         *
         * This is especially important when using Unsafe-based LongArrays, since we have
@@ -227,7 +252,7 @@ public class CombinedIndexReader {
     }
 
 
-    private void delayedCall(Runnable call, Duration delay) throws InterruptedException {
+    private void delayedCall(Runnable call, Duration delay) {
         Thread.ofPlatform().start(() -> {
             try {
                 TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(delay.toSeconds());
@@ -248,25 +273,47 @@ public class CombinedIndexReader {
 class ParamMatchingQueryFilter implements QueryFilterStepIf {
     private final QueryParams params;
     private final ForwardIndexReader forwardIndexReader;
-
+    private final boolean imposesMetaConstraint;
     public ParamMatchingQueryFilter(QueryParams params,
                                     ForwardIndexReader forwardIndexReader)
     {
         this.params = params;
         this.forwardIndexReader = forwardIndexReader;
+        this.imposesMetaConstraint = params.imposesDomainMetadataConstraint();
     }
 
     @Override
+    public void apply(LongQueryBuffer buffer) {
+        if (!imposesMetaConstraint && !params.searchSet().imposesConstraint()) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        while (buffer.hasMore()) {
+            if (test(buffer.currentValue())) {
+                buffer.retainAndAdvance();
+            }
+            else {
+                buffer.rejectAndAdvance();
+            }
+        }
+
+        buffer.finalizeFiltering();
+    }
+
     public boolean test(long combinedId) {
         long docId = UrlIdCodec.removeRank(combinedId);
         int domainId = UrlIdCodec.getDomainId(docId);
 
-        long meta = forwardIndexReader.getDocMeta(docId);
-
-        if (!validateDomain(domainId, meta)) {
+        if (!validateDomain(domainId)) {
             return false;
         }
 
+        if (!imposesMetaConstraint) {
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        long meta = forwardIndexReader.getDocMeta(docId);
+
         if (!validateQuality(meta)) {
             return false;
         }
@@ -286,8 +333,8 @@ class ParamMatchingQueryFilter implements QueryFilterStepIf {
         return true;
     }
 
-    private boolean validateDomain(int domainId, long meta) {
-        return params.searchSet().contains(domainId, meta);
+    private boolean validateDomain(int domainId) {
+        return params.searchSet().contains(domainId);
     }
 
     private boolean validateQuality(long meta) {
@@ -338,4 +385,5 @@ class ParamMatchingQueryFilter implements QueryFilterStepIf {
     public String describe() {
         return getClass().getSimpleName();
     }
+
 }

code/index/java/nu/marginalia/index/index/IndexQueryBuilderImpl.java

@@ -1,11 +1,10 @@
 package nu.marginalia.index.index;
 
-import java.util.List;
 import gnu.trove.set.hash.TLongHashSet;
 import nu.marginalia.index.FullReverseIndexReader;
 import nu.marginalia.index.query.IndexQuery;
 import nu.marginalia.index.query.IndexQueryBuilder;
-import nu.marginalia.index.query.filter.QueryFilterAnyOf;
+import nu.marginalia.index.query.IndexSearchBudget;
 import nu.marginalia.index.query.filter.QueryFilterStepIf;
 
 public class IndexQueryBuilderImpl implements IndexQueryBuilder  {
@@ -32,18 +31,18 @@ public class IndexQueryBuilderImpl implements IndexQueryBuilder  {
         return this;
     }
 
-    public IndexQueryBuilder also(long termId) {
+    public IndexQueryBuilder also(long termId, IndexSearchBudget budget) {
 
         if (alreadyConsideredTerms.add(termId)) {
-            query.addInclusionFilter(reverseIndexFullReader.also(termId));
+            query.addInclusionFilter(reverseIndexFullReader.also(termId, budget));
         }
 
         return this;
     }
 
-    public IndexQueryBuilder not(long termId) {
+    public IndexQueryBuilder not(long termId, IndexSearchBudget budget) {
 
-        query.addInclusionFilter(reverseIndexFullReader.not(termId));
+        query.addInclusionFilter(reverseIndexFullReader.not(termId, budget));
 
         return this;
     }
@@ -55,20 +54,6 @@ public class IndexQueryBuilderImpl implements IndexQueryBuilder  {
         return this;
     }
 
-    public IndexQueryBuilder addInclusionFilterAny(List<QueryFilterStepIf> filterSteps) {
-        if (filterSteps.isEmpty())
-            return this;
-
-        if (filterSteps.size() == 1) {
-            query.addInclusionFilter(filterSteps.getFirst());
-        }
-        else {
-            query.addInclusionFilter(new QueryFilterAnyOf(filterSteps));
-        }
-
-        return this;
-    }
-
     public IndexQuery build() {
         return query;
     }

code/index/java/nu/marginalia/index/index/StatefulIndex.java

@@ -35,6 +35,13 @@ public class StatefulIndex {
         this.eventLog = eventLog;
     }
 
+    /** For use in testing only */
+    public StatefulIndex(CombinedIndexReader combinedIndexReader) {
+        this.combinedIndexReader = combinedIndexReader;
+        this.servicesFactory = null;
+        this.eventLog = null;
+    }
+
     public void init() {
         Lock lock = indexReplacementLock.writeLock();
 

code/index/java/nu/marginalia/index/model/QueryParams.java

@@ -1,8 +1,9 @@
 package nu.marginalia.index.model;
 
-import nu.marginalia.index.searchset.SearchSet;
 import nu.marginalia.index.query.limit.QueryStrategy;
 import nu.marginalia.index.query.limit.SpecificationLimit;
+import nu.marginalia.index.query.limit.SpecificationLimitType;
+import nu.marginalia.index.searchset.SearchSet;
 
 import java.util.Objects;
 
@@ -41,6 +42,13 @@ public final class QueryParams {
         this.queryStrategy = queryStrategy;
     }
 
+    public boolean imposesDomainMetadataConstraint() {
+        return qualityLimit.type() != SpecificationLimitType.NONE
+                ||  year.type() != SpecificationLimitType.NONE
+                ||  size.type() != SpecificationLimitType.NONE
+                ||  rank.type() != SpecificationLimitType.NONE;
+    }
+
     public SpecificationLimit qualityLimit() {
         return qualityLimit;
     }

code/index/java/nu/marginalia/index/model/ResultRankingContext.java

@@ -0,0 +1,106 @@
+package nu.marginalia.index.model;
+
+import nu.marginalia.api.searchquery.RpcResultRankingParameters;
+import nu.marginalia.api.searchquery.model.compiled.CompiledQuery;
+import nu.marginalia.api.searchquery.model.compiled.CompiledQueryLong;
+import nu.marginalia.api.searchquery.model.compiled.CqDataInt;
+import nu.marginalia.api.searchquery.model.query.SearchQuery;
+import nu.marginalia.index.index.CombinedIndexReader;
+
+import java.util.BitSet;
+
+public class ResultRankingContext {
+    private final int docCount;
+    public final RpcResultRankingParameters params;
+    public final SearchQuery searchQuery;
+    public final QueryParams queryParams;
+
+    public final CompiledQuery<String> compiledQuery;
+    public final CompiledQueryLong compiledQueryIds;
+
+    public final BitSet regularMask;
+    public final BitSet ngramsMask;
+
+    /** CqDataInt associated with frequency information of the terms in the query
+     * in the full index.  The dataset is indexed by the compiled query. */
+    public final CqDataInt fullCounts;
+
+    /** CqDataInt associated with frequency information of the terms in the query
+     * in the full index.  The dataset is indexed by the compiled query. */
+    public final CqDataInt priorityCounts;
+
+    public static ResultRankingContext create(CombinedIndexReader currentIndex, SearchParameters searchParameters) {
+
+        var compiledQueryIds = searchParameters.compiledQueryIds;
+        var compiledQuery = searchParameters.compiledQuery;
+
+        int[] full = new int[compiledQueryIds.size()];
+        int[] prio = new int[compiledQueryIds.size()];
+
+        BitSet ngramsMask = new BitSet(compiledQuery.size());
+        BitSet regularMask = new BitSet(compiledQuery.size());
+
+        for (int idx = 0; idx < compiledQueryIds.size(); idx++) {
+            long id = compiledQueryIds.at(idx);
+            full[idx] = currentIndex.numHits(id);
+            prio[idx] = currentIndex.numHitsPrio(id);
+
+            if (compiledQuery.at(idx).contains("_")) {
+                ngramsMask.set(idx);
+            }
+            else {
+                regularMask.set(idx);
+            }
+        }
+
+        return new ResultRankingContext(currentIndex.totalDocCount(),
+                searchParameters,
+                compiledQuery,
+                compiledQueryIds,
+                ngramsMask,
+                regularMask,
+                new CqDataInt(full),
+                new CqDataInt(prio));
+    }
+
+    public ResultRankingContext(int docCount,
+                                SearchParameters searchParameters,
+                                CompiledQuery<String> compiledQuery,
+                                CompiledQueryLong compiledQueryIds,
+                                BitSet ngramsMask,
+                                BitSet regularMask,
+                                CqDataInt fullCounts,
+                                CqDataInt prioCounts)
+    {
+        this.docCount = docCount;
+
+        this.searchQuery = searchParameters.query;
+        this.params = searchParameters.rankingParams;
+        this.queryParams = searchParameters.queryParams;
+
+        this.compiledQuery = compiledQuery;
+        this.compiledQueryIds = compiledQueryIds;
+
+        this.ngramsMask = ngramsMask;
+        this.regularMask = regularMask;
+
+        this.fullCounts = fullCounts;
+        this.priorityCounts = prioCounts;
+    }
+
+    public int termFreqDocCount() {
+        return docCount;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public String toString() {
+        return "ResultRankingContext{" +
+                "docCount=" + docCount +
+                ", params=" + params +
+                ", regularMask=" + regularMask +
+                ", ngramsMask=" + ngramsMask +
+                ", fullCounts=" + fullCounts +
+                ", priorityCounts=" + priorityCounts +
+                '}';
+    }
+}

code/index/java/nu/marginalia/index/model/SearchParameters.java

@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ public class SearchParameters {
         var limits = specsSet.queryLimits;
 
         this.fetchSize = limits.getFetchSize();
-        this.budget = new IndexSearchBudget(limits.getTimeoutMs());
+        this.budget = new IndexSearchBudget(Math.max(limits.getTimeoutMs()/2, limits.getTimeoutMs()-50));
         this.query = specsSet.query;
         this.limitByDomain = limits.getResultsByDomain();
         this.limitTotal = limits.getResultsTotal();
@@ -67,9 +67,7 @@ public class SearchParameters {
 
         this.fetchSize = limits.getFetchSize();
 
-        // The time budget is halved because this is the point when we start to
-        // wrap up the search and return the results.
-        this.budget = new IndexSearchBudget(limits.getTimeoutMs() / 2);
+        this.budget = new IndexSearchBudget(Math.max(limits.getTimeoutMs()/2, limits.getTimeoutMs()-50));
         this.query = IndexProtobufCodec.convertRpcQuery(request.getQuery());
 
         this.limitByDomain = limits.getResultsByDomain();

code/index/java/nu/marginalia/index/results/Bm25GraphVisitor.java

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ package nu.marginalia.index.results;
 
 import nu.marginalia.api.searchquery.model.compiled.CqDataInt;
 import nu.marginalia.api.searchquery.model.compiled.CqExpression;
-import nu.marginalia.api.searchquery.model.results.ResultRankingContext;
+import nu.marginalia.index.model.ResultRankingContext;
 
 import java.util.BitSet;
 import java.util.List;

code/index/java/nu/marginalia/index/results/IndexResultRankingService.java

@@ -12,13 +12,14 @@ import nu.marginalia.api.searchquery.model.compiled.CompiledQuery;
 import nu.marginalia.api.searchquery.model.compiled.CqDataLong;
 import nu.marginalia.api.searchquery.model.query.SearchPhraseConstraint;
 import nu.marginalia.api.searchquery.model.query.SearchQuery;
-import nu.marginalia.api.searchquery.model.results.ResultRankingContext;
 import nu.marginalia.api.searchquery.model.results.SearchResultItem;
 import nu.marginalia.api.searchquery.model.results.debug.DebugRankingFactors;
+import nu.marginalia.index.forward.spans.DocumentSpans;
 import nu.marginalia.index.index.CombinedIndexReader;
 import nu.marginalia.index.index.StatefulIndex;
-import nu.marginalia.index.model.SearchParameters;
+import nu.marginalia.index.model.ResultRankingContext;
 import nu.marginalia.index.model.SearchTermsUtil;
+import nu.marginalia.index.query.IndexSearchBudget;
 import nu.marginalia.index.results.model.PhraseConstraintGroupList;
 import nu.marginalia.index.results.model.QuerySearchTerms;
 import nu.marginalia.index.results.model.ids.CombinedDocIdList;
@@ -30,9 +31,15 @@ import nu.marginalia.sequence.CodedSequence;
 import org.slf4j.Logger;
 import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
 
+import javax.annotation.Nullable;
 import java.lang.foreign.Arena;
 import java.sql.SQLException;
-import java.util.*;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;
+import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicBoolean;
 
 @Singleton
 public class IndexResultRankingService {
@@ -52,96 +59,142 @@ public class IndexResultRankingService {
         this.domainRankingOverrides = domainRankingOverrides;
     }
 
-    public List<SearchResultItem> rankResults(SearchParameters params,
-                                              boolean exportDebugData,
-                                              ResultRankingContext rankingContext,
-                                              CombinedDocIdList resultIds)
-    {
-        if (resultIds.isEmpty())
-            return List.of();
+    public RankingData prepareRankingData(ResultRankingContext rankingContext, CombinedDocIdList resultIds, @Nullable IndexSearchBudget budget) throws TimeoutException {
+        return new RankingData(rankingContext, resultIds, budget);
+    }
 
-        IndexResultScoreCalculator resultRanker = new IndexResultScoreCalculator(statefulIndex, domainRankingOverrides, rankingContext, params);
+    public final class RankingData implements AutoCloseable {
+        final Arena arena;
 
-        List<SearchResultItem> results = new ArrayList<>(resultIds.size());
+        private final TermMetadataList[] termsForDocs;
+        private final DocumentSpans[] documentSpans;
+        private final long[] flags;
+        private final CodedSequence[] positions;
+        private final CombinedDocIdList resultIds;
+        private final QuerySearchTerms searchTerms;
+        private AtomicBoolean closed = new AtomicBoolean(false);
+        int pos = -1;
 
-        // Get the current index reader, which is the one we'll use for this calculation,
-        // this may change during the calculation, but we don't want to switch over mid-calculation
-        final CombinedIndexReader currentIndex = statefulIndex.get();
+        public RankingData(ResultRankingContext rankingContext, CombinedDocIdList resultIds, @Nullable IndexSearchBudget budget) throws TimeoutException {
+            this.resultIds = resultIds;
+            this.arena = Arena.ofShared();
 
-        final QuerySearchTerms searchTerms = getSearchTerms(params.compiledQuery, params.query);
-        final int termCount = searchTerms.termIdsAll.size();
+            this.searchTerms = getSearchTerms(rankingContext.compiledQuery, rankingContext.searchQuery);
+            final int termCount = searchTerms.termIdsAll.size();
 
-        // We use an arena for the position data to avoid gc pressure
-        // from the gamma coded sequences, which can be large and have a lifetime
-        // that matches the try block here
-        try (var arena = Arena.ofConfined()) {
+            this.flags = new long[termCount];
+            this.positions = new CodedSequence[termCount];
 
-            TermMetadataList[] termsForDocs = new TermMetadataList[termCount];
-            for (int ti = 0; ti < termCount; ti++) {
-                termsForDocs[ti] = currentIndex.getTermMetadata(arena, searchTerms.termIdsAll.at(ti), resultIds);
-            }
+            // Get the current index reader, which is the one we'll use for this calculation,
+            // this may change during the calculation, but we don't want to switch over mid-calculation
 
-            // Data for the document.  We arrange this in arrays outside the calculation function to avoid
-            // hash lookups in the inner loop, as it's hot code, and we don't want unnecessary cpu cache
-            // thrashing in there; out here we can rely on implicit array ordering to match up the data.
+            final CombinedIndexReader currentIndex = statefulIndex.get();
 
-            long[] flags = new long[termCount];
-            CodedSequence[] positions = new CodedSequence[termCount];
+            // Perform expensive I/O operations
 
-            // Iterate over documents by their index in the combinedDocIds, as we need the index for the
-            // term data arrays as well
+            this.termsForDocs = currentIndex.getTermMetadata(arena, searchTerms.termIdsAll.array, resultIds);
+            if (!budget.hasTimeLeft())
+                throw new TimeoutException();
+            this.documentSpans = currentIndex.getDocumentSpans(arena, resultIds);
+        }
 
-            for (int i = 0; i < resultIds.size(); i++) {
+        public CodedSequence[] positions() {
+            return positions;
+        }
+        public long[] flags() {
+            return flags;
+        }
+        public long resultId() {
+            return resultIds.at(pos);
+        }
+        public DocumentSpans documentSpans() {
+            return documentSpans[pos];
+        }
 
-                // Prepare term-level data for the document
+        public boolean next() {
+            if (++pos < resultIds.size()) {
                 for (int ti = 0; ti < flags.length; ti++) {
                     var tfd = termsForDocs[ti];
 
                     assert tfd != null : "No term data for term " + ti;
 
-                    flags[ti] = tfd.flag(i);
-                    positions[ti] = tfd.position(i);
+                    flags[ti] = tfd.flag(pos);
+                    positions[ti] = tfd.position(pos);
                 }
+                return true;
+            }
+            return false;
+        }
 
-                // Ignore documents that don't match the mandatory constraints
-                if (!searchTerms.phraseConstraints.testMandatory(positions)) {
-                    continue;
-                }
+        public int size() {
+            return resultIds.size();
+        }
 
-                if (!exportDebugData) {
-                    var score = resultRanker.calculateScore(arena, null, resultIds.at(i), searchTerms, flags, positions);
-                    if (score != null) {
-                        results.add(score);
-                    }
-                }
-                else {
-                    var rankingFactors = new DebugRankingFactors();
-                    var score = resultRanker.calculateScore(arena, rankingFactors, resultIds.at(i), searchTerms, flags, positions);
-                    if (score != null) {
-                        score.debugRankingFactors = rankingFactors;
-                        results.add(score);
-                    }
-                }
+        public void close() {
+            if (closed.compareAndSet(false, true)) {
+                arena.close();
+            }
+        }
+
+    }
+
+    public List<SearchResultItem> rankResults(
+            IndexSearchBudget budget,
+            ResultRankingContext rankingContext,
+            RankingData rankingData,
+            boolean exportDebugData)
+    {
+        IndexResultScoreCalculator resultRanker = new IndexResultScoreCalculator(statefulIndex, domainRankingOverrides, rankingContext);
+
+        List<SearchResultItem> results = new ArrayList<>(rankingData.size());
+
+        // Iterate over documents by their index in the combinedDocIds, as we need the index for the
+        // term data arrays as well
+
+        var searchTerms = rankingData.searchTerms;
+
+        while (rankingData.next() && budget.hasTimeLeft()) {
+
+            // Ignore documents that don't match the mandatory constraints
+            if (!searchTerms.phraseConstraints.testMandatory(rankingData.positions())) {
+                continue;
             }
 
-            return results;
+            if (!exportDebugData) {
+                var score = resultRanker.calculateScore(null, rankingData.resultId(), searchTerms, rankingData.flags(), rankingData.positions(), rankingData.documentSpans());
+                if (score != null) {
+                    results.add(score);
+                }
+            }
+            else {
+                var rankingFactors = new DebugRankingFactors();
+                var score = resultRanker.calculateScore( rankingFactors, rankingData.resultId(), searchTerms, rankingData.flags(), rankingData.positions(), rankingData.documentSpans());
+
+                if (score != null) {
+                    score.debugRankingFactors = rankingFactors;
+                    results.add(score);
+                }
+            }
         }
+
+        return results;
     }
 
 
-    public List<RpcDecoratedResultItem> selectBestResults(SearchParameters params,
+    public List<RpcDecoratedResultItem> selectBestResults(int limitByDomain,
+                                                          int limitTotal,
                                                           ResultRankingContext resultRankingContext,
-                                                          Collection<SearchResultItem> results) throws SQLException {
+                                                          List<SearchResultItem> results) throws SQLException {
 
-        var domainCountFilter = new IndexResultDomainDeduplicator(params.limitByDomain);
+        var domainCountFilter = new IndexResultDomainDeduplicator(limitByDomain);
 
         List<SearchResultItem> resultsList = new ArrayList<>(results.size());
-        TLongList idsList = new TLongArrayList(params.limitTotal);
+        TLongList idsList = new TLongArrayList(limitTotal);
 
         for (var item : results) {
             if (domainCountFilter.test(item)) {
 
-                if (resultsList.size() < params.limitTotal) {
+                if (resultsList.size() < limitTotal) {
                     resultsList.add(item);
                     idsList.add(item.getDocumentId());
                 }
@@ -159,19 +212,26 @@ public class IndexResultRankingService {
         // for the selected results, as this would be comically expensive to do for all the results we
         // discard along the way
 
-        if (params.rankingParams.getExportDebugData()) {
+        if (resultRankingContext.params.getExportDebugData()) {
             var combinedIdsList = new LongArrayList(resultsList.size());
             for (var item : resultsList) {
                 combinedIdsList.add(item.combinedId);
             }
 
             resultsList.clear();
-            resultsList.addAll(this.rankResults(
-                    params,
-                    true,
-                    resultRankingContext,
-                    new CombinedDocIdList(combinedIdsList))
-            );
+            IndexSearchBudget budget = new IndexSearchBudget(10000);
+            try (var data = prepareRankingData(resultRankingContext,  new CombinedDocIdList(combinedIdsList), null)) {
+                resultsList.addAll(this.rankResults(
+                        budget,
+                        resultRankingContext,
+                        data,
+                        true)
+                );
+            }
+            catch (TimeoutException ex) {
+                // this won't happen since we passed null for budget
+            }
+
         }
 
         // Fetch the document details for the selected results in one go, from the local document database
@@ -247,7 +307,7 @@ public class IndexResultRankingService {
 
                 var termOutputs = RpcResultTermRankingOutputs.newBuilder();
 
-                CqDataLong termIds = params.compiledQueryIds.data;;
+                CqDataLong termIds = resultRankingContext.compiledQueryIds.data;
 
                 for (var entry : debugFactors.getTermFactors()) {
                     String term = "[ERROR IN LOOKUP]";
@@ -255,7 +315,7 @@ public class IndexResultRankingService {
                     // CURSED: This is a linear search, but the number of terms is small, and it's in a debug path
                     for (int i = 0; i < termIds.size(); i++) {
                         if (termIds.get(i) == entry.termId()) {
-                            term = params.compiledQuery.at(i);
+                            term = resultRankingContext.compiledQuery.at(i);
                             break;
                         }
                     }

code/index/java/nu/marginalia/index/results/IndexResultScoreCalculator.java

@@ -6,14 +6,13 @@ import nu.marginalia.api.searchquery.RpcResultRankingParameters;
 import nu.marginalia.api.searchquery.RpcTemporalBias;
 import nu.marginalia.api.searchquery.model.compiled.CompiledQuery;
 import nu.marginalia.api.searchquery.model.compiled.CompiledQueryLong;
-import nu.marginalia.api.searchquery.model.results.ResultRankingContext;
 import nu.marginalia.api.searchquery.model.results.SearchResultItem;
 import nu.marginalia.api.searchquery.model.results.debug.DebugRankingFactors;
 import nu.marginalia.index.forward.spans.DocumentSpans;
 import nu.marginalia.index.index.CombinedIndexReader;
 import nu.marginalia.index.index.StatefulIndex;
 import nu.marginalia.index.model.QueryParams;
-import nu.marginalia.index.model.SearchParameters;
+import nu.marginalia.index.model.ResultRankingContext;
 import nu.marginalia.index.query.limit.QueryStrategy;
 import nu.marginalia.index.results.model.PhraseConstraintGroupList;
 import nu.marginalia.index.results.model.QuerySearchTerms;
@@ -28,7 +27,6 @@ import nu.marginalia.sequence.CodedSequence;
 import nu.marginalia.sequence.SequenceOperations;
 
 import javax.annotation.Nullable;
-import java.lang.foreign.Arena;
 import java.util.BitSet;
 
 import static nu.marginalia.api.searchquery.model.compiled.aggregate.CompiledQueryAggregates.booleanAggregate;
@@ -47,24 +45,23 @@ public class IndexResultScoreCalculator {
 
     public IndexResultScoreCalculator(StatefulIndex statefulIndex,
                                       DomainRankingOverrides domainRankingOverrides,
-                                      ResultRankingContext rankingContext,
-                                      SearchParameters params)
+                                      ResultRankingContext rankingContext)
     {
         this.index = statefulIndex.get();
         this.domainRankingOverrides = domainRankingOverrides;
         this.rankingContext = rankingContext;
 
-        this.queryParams = params.queryParams;
-        this.compiledQuery = params.compiledQuery;
+        this.queryParams = rankingContext.queryParams;
+        this.compiledQuery = rankingContext.compiledQuery;
     }
 
     @Nullable
-    public SearchResultItem calculateScore(Arena arena,
-                                           @Nullable DebugRankingFactors debugRankingFactors,
+    public SearchResultItem calculateScore(@Nullable DebugRankingFactors debugRankingFactors,
                                            long combinedId,
                                            QuerySearchTerms searchTerms,
                                            long[] wordFlags,
-                                           CodedSequence[] positions)
+                                           CodedSequence[] positions,
+                                           DocumentSpans spans)
     {
 
         CompiledQuery<CodedSequence> positionsQuery = compiledQuery.root.newQuery(positions);
@@ -92,8 +89,6 @@ public class IndexResultScoreCalculator {
         int docSize = index.getDocumentSize(docId);
         if (docSize <= 0) docSize = 5000;
 
-        DocumentSpans spans = index.getDocumentSpans(arena, docId);
-
         if (debugRankingFactors != null) {
             debugRankingFactors.addDocumentFactor("doc.docId", Long.toString(combinedId));
             debugRankingFactors.addDocumentFactor("doc.combinedId", Long.toString(docId));
@@ -235,7 +230,7 @@ public class IndexResultScoreCalculator {
         long result = 0;
         int bit = 0;
 
-        IntIterator intersection = phraseConstraints.getFullGroup().findIntersections(positions).intIterator();
+        IntIterator intersection = phraseConstraints.getFullGroup().findIntersections(positions, 64).intIterator();
 
         while (intersection.hasNext() && bit < 64) {
             bit = (int) (Math.sqrt(intersection.nextInt()));
@@ -551,9 +546,18 @@ public class IndexResultScoreCalculator {
             largeSiteFactor = 2;
         }
 
-        if (DocumentMetadata.hasFlags(featureFlags, HtmlFeature.TRACKING_ADTECH.getFeatureBit()))
+        if (DocumentMetadata.hasFlags(featureFlags, HtmlFeature.ADVERTISEMENT.getFeatureBit()))
             penalty += 7.5 * largeSiteFactor;
 
+        if (DocumentMetadata.hasFlags(featureFlags, HtmlFeature.CONSENT.getFeatureBit()))
+            penalty += 2.5 * largeSiteFactor;
+
+        if (DocumentMetadata.hasFlags(featureFlags, HtmlFeature.POPOVER.getFeatureBit()))
+            penalty += 2.5 * largeSiteFactor;
+
+        if (DocumentMetadata.hasFlags(featureFlags, HtmlFeature.TRACKING_ADTECH.getFeatureBit()))
+            penalty += 5.0 * largeSiteFactor;
+
         if (DocumentMetadata.hasFlags(featureFlags, HtmlFeature.AFFILIATE_LINK.getFeatureBit()))
             penalty += 5.0 * largeSiteFactor;
 
@@ -563,6 +567,9 @@ public class IndexResultScoreCalculator {
         if (DocumentMetadata.hasFlags(featureFlags, HtmlFeature.TRACKING.getFeatureBit()))
             penalty += 2.5 * largeSiteFactor;
 
+        if (DocumentMetadata.hasFlags(featureFlags, HtmlFeature.SHORT_DOCUMENT.getFeatureBit()))
+            penalty += 2.5  * largeSiteFactor;
+
         if (isForum || isWiki) {
             penalty = Math.min(0, penalty - 2);
         }

code/index/java/nu/marginalia/index/results/TermFlagsGraphVisitor.java

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ package nu.marginalia.index.results;
 import nu.marginalia.api.searchquery.model.compiled.CqDataInt;
 import nu.marginalia.api.searchquery.model.compiled.CqDataLong;
 import nu.marginalia.api.searchquery.model.compiled.CqExpression;
-import nu.marginalia.api.searchquery.model.results.ResultRankingContext;
+import nu.marginalia.index.model.ResultRankingContext;
 import nu.marginalia.model.idx.WordFlags;
 
 import java.util.List;

code/index/java/nu/marginalia/index/results/model/PhraseConstraintGroupList.java

@@ -58,6 +58,7 @@ public class PhraseConstraintGroupList {
         private final int[] offsets;
         private final BitSet present;
         private final BitSet termIdsMask;
+        private final int presentCardinality;
 
         public final int size;
         public PhraseConstraintGroup(List<String> terms, TermIdList termIdsAll) {
@@ -85,6 +86,8 @@ public class PhraseConstraintGroupList {
                     termIdsMask.set(idx);
                 }
             }
+
+            presentCardinality = present.cardinality();
         }
 
         /** Returns true if the term with index termIdx in the query is in the group */
@@ -93,7 +96,7 @@ public class PhraseConstraintGroupList {
         }
 
         public boolean test(CodedSequence[] positions) {
-            IntIterator[] sequences = new IntIterator[present.cardinality()];
+            IntIterator[] sequences = new IntIterator[presentCardinality];
 
             for (int oi = 0, si = 0; oi < offsets.length; oi++) {
                 if (!present.get(oi)) {
@@ -120,7 +123,7 @@ public class PhraseConstraintGroupList {
 
 
         public IntList findIntersections(IntList[] positions) {
-            IntList[] sequences = new IntList[present.cardinality()];
+            IntList[] sequences = new IntList[presentCardinality];
             int[] iterOffsets = new int[sequences.length];
 
             for (int oi = 0, si = 0; oi < offsets.length; oi++) {
@@ -144,12 +147,41 @@ public class PhraseConstraintGroupList {
                 iterOffsets[si - 1] = -oi;
             }
 
-            return SequenceOperations.findIntersections(sequences, iterOffsets);
+            return SequenceOperations.findIntersections(sequences, iterOffsets, Integer.MAX_VALUE);
+        }
+
+
+        public IntList findIntersections(IntList[] positions, int n) {
+            IntList[] sequences = new IntList[presentCardinality];
+            int[] iterOffsets = new int[sequences.length];
+
+            for (int oi = 0, si = 0; oi < offsets.length; oi++) {
+                if (!present.get(oi)) {
+                    continue;
+                }
+                int offset = offsets[oi];
+                if (offset < 0)
+                    return IntList.of();
+
+                // Create iterators that are offset by their relative position in the
+                // sequence.  This is done by subtracting the index from the offset,
+                // so that when we intersect them, an overlap means that the terms are
+                // in the correct order.  Note the offset is negative!
+
+                var posForTerm = positions[offset];
+                if (posForTerm == null) {
+                    return IntList.of();
+                }
+                sequences[si++] = posForTerm;
+                iterOffsets[si - 1] = -oi;
+            }
+
+            return SequenceOperations.findIntersections(sequences, iterOffsets, n);
         }
 
         public int minDistance(IntList[] positions) {
-            List<IntList> sequences = new ArrayList<>(present.cardinality());
-            IntList iterOffsets = new IntArrayList(present.cardinality());
+            List<IntList> sequences = new ArrayList<>(presentCardinality);
+            IntList iterOffsets = new IntArrayList(presentCardinality);
 
             for (int oi = 0; oi < offsets.length; oi++) {
                 if (!present.get(oi)) {

code/index/java/nu/marginalia/index/results/model/ids/CombinedDocIdList.java

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 package nu.marginalia.index.results.model.ids;
 
 import it.unimi.dsi.fastutil.longs.LongArrayList;
-import org.roaringbitmap.longlong.Roaring64Bitmap;
+import nu.marginalia.array.page.LongQueryBuffer;
 
 import java.util.Arrays;
 import java.util.stream.LongStream;
@@ -17,17 +17,23 @@ public final class CombinedDocIdList {
     public CombinedDocIdList(long... data) {
         this.data = Arrays.copyOf(data, data.length);
     }
-
+    public CombinedDocIdList(LongQueryBuffer buffer) {
+        this.data = buffer.copyData();
+    }
     public CombinedDocIdList(LongArrayList data) {
         this.data = data.toLongArray();
     }
-    public CombinedDocIdList(Roaring64Bitmap data) {
-        this.data = data.toArray();
-    }
     public CombinedDocIdList() {
         this.data = new long[0];
     }
 
+    public static CombinedDocIdList combineLists(CombinedDocIdList one, CombinedDocIdList other) {
+        long[] data = new long[one.size() + other.size()];
+        System.arraycopy(one.data, 0, data, 0, one.data.length);
+        System.arraycopy(other.data, 0, data, one.data.length, other.data.length);
+        return new CombinedDocIdList(data);
+    }
+
     public int size() {
         return data.length;
     }

code/index/java/nu/marginalia/index/results/model/ids/TermIdList.java

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ import java.util.Arrays;
 import java.util.stream.LongStream;
 
 public final class TermIdList {
-    private final long[] array;
+    public final long[] array;
 
     public TermIdList(long[] array) {
         this.array = array;

code/index/java/nu/marginalia/index/searchset/RankingSearchSet.java

@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ public class RankingSearchSet implements SearchSet {
     }
 
     @Override
-    public boolean contains(int domainId, long documentMetadata) {
+    public boolean contains(int domainId) {
 
         // This is the main check
         if (set.contains(domainId) || set.isEmpty()) {

code/index/java/nu/marginalia/index/searchset/SearchSet.java

@@ -7,6 +7,10 @@ public interface SearchSet {
      *  or if the documentMetadata vibes with the set
      *
      */
-    boolean contains(int domainId, long documentMetadata);
+    boolean contains(int domainId);
+
+    default boolean imposesConstraint() {
+        return true;
+    }
 
 }

code/index/java/nu/marginalia/index/searchset/SearchSetAny.java

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ package nu.marginalia.index.searchset;
 
 public class SearchSetAny implements SearchSet {
     @Override
-    public boolean contains(int domainId, long meta) {
+    public boolean contains(int domainId) {
         return true;
     }
 
@@ -10,4 +10,9 @@ public class SearchSetAny implements SearchSet {
     public String toString() {
         return getClass().getSimpleName();
     }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean imposesConstraint() {
+        return false;
+    }
 }

code/index/java/nu/marginalia/index/searchset/SearchSetsService.java

@@ -6,14 +6,14 @@ import gnu.trove.list.TIntList;
 import it.unimi.dsi.fastutil.ints.IntOpenHashSet;
 import nu.marginalia.db.DomainRankingSetsService;
 import nu.marginalia.db.DomainTypes;
+import nu.marginalia.domainranking.PageRankDomainRanker;
+import nu.marginalia.domainranking.accumulator.RankingResultHashMapAccumulator;
+import nu.marginalia.domainranking.accumulator.RankingResultHashSetAccumulator;
+import nu.marginalia.domainranking.data.GraphSource;
+import nu.marginalia.domainranking.data.LinkGraphSource;
+import nu.marginalia.domainranking.data.SimilarityGraphSource;
 import nu.marginalia.index.IndexFactory;
 import nu.marginalia.index.domainrankings.DomainRankings;
-import nu.marginalia.ranking.domains.PageRankDomainRanker;
-import nu.marginalia.ranking.domains.accumulator.RankingResultHashMapAccumulator;
-import nu.marginalia.ranking.domains.accumulator.RankingResultHashSetAccumulator;
-import nu.marginalia.ranking.domains.data.GraphSource;
-import nu.marginalia.ranking.domains.data.LinkGraphSource;
-import nu.marginalia.ranking.domains.data.SimilarityGraphSource;
 import nu.marginalia.service.control.ServiceEventLog;
 import nu.marginalia.service.module.ServiceConfiguration;
 import org.slf4j.Logger;

code/index/java/nu/marginalia/index/searchset/SmallSearchSet.java

@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ public class SmallSearchSet implements SearchSet {
     }
 
     @Override
-    public boolean contains(int domainId, long meta) {
+    public boolean contains(int domainId) {
         return entries.contains(domainId);
     }
 

code/index/query/java/nu/marginalia/index/query/IndexQuery.java

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 package nu.marginalia.index.query;
 
-import nu.marginalia.index.query.filter.QueryFilterStepIf;
 import nu.marginalia.array.page.LongQueryBuffer;
+import nu.marginalia.index.query.filter.QueryFilterStepIf;
 
 import java.util.ArrayList;
 import java.util.List;
@@ -18,15 +18,16 @@ import java.util.stream.Collectors;
 public class IndexQuery {
     private final List<EntrySource> sources;
     private final List<QueryFilterStepIf> inclusionFilter = new ArrayList<>(10);
+    private boolean prioritize = false;
 
-    public IndexQuery(List<EntrySource> sources)
+    public IndexQuery(EntrySource source, boolean prioritize)
     {
-        this.sources = sources;
+        this.sources = List.of(source);
+        this.prioritize = prioritize;
     }
 
-    public IndexQuery(EntrySource... sources)
-    {
-        this.sources = List.of(sources);
+    public boolean isPrioritized() {
+        return prioritize;
     }
     /** Adds a filter to the query.  The filter will be applied to the results
      * after they are read from the sources.
@@ -60,6 +61,7 @@ public class IndexQuery {
         if (!fillBuffer(dest))
             return;
 
+
         for (var filter : inclusionFilter) {
             filter.apply(dest);
 
@@ -73,6 +75,8 @@ public class IndexQuery {
 
     private boolean fillBuffer(LongQueryBuffer dest) {
         for (;;) {
+            dest.zero();
+
             EntrySource source = sources.get(si);
             source.read(dest);
 
@@ -102,6 +106,7 @@ public class IndexQuery {
 
         return sb.toString();
     }
+
 }
 
 

code/index/query/java/nu/marginalia/index/query/IndexQueryBuilder.java

@@ -2,8 +2,6 @@ package nu.marginalia.index.query;
 
 import nu.marginalia.index.query.filter.QueryFilterStepIf;
 
-import java.util.List;
-
 /** Builds a query.
  * <p />
  * Note: The query builder may omit predicates that are deemed redundant.
@@ -11,14 +9,13 @@ import java.util.List;
 public interface IndexQueryBuilder {
     /** Filters documents that also contain termId, within the full index.
      */
-    IndexQueryBuilder also(long termId);
+    IndexQueryBuilder also(long termId, IndexSearchBudget budget);
 
     /** Excludes documents that contain termId, within the full index
      */
-    IndexQueryBuilder not(long termId);
+    IndexQueryBuilder not(long termId, IndexSearchBudget budget);
 
     IndexQueryBuilder addInclusionFilter(QueryFilterStepIf filterStep);
-    IndexQueryBuilder addInclusionFilterAny(List<QueryFilterStepIf> filterStep);
 
     IndexQuery build();
 }

code/index/query/java/nu/marginalia/index/query/IndexSearchBudget.java

@@ -10,5 +10,5 @@ public class IndexSearchBudget {
     }
 
     public boolean hasTimeLeft() { return System.currentTimeMillis() < timeout; }
-    public long timeLeft() { return timeout - System.currentTimeMillis(); }
+    public long timeLeft() { return Math.max(0, timeout - System.currentTimeMillis()); }
 }

code/index/query/java/nu/marginalia/index/query/filter/QueryFilterAllOf.java

@@ -1,71 +0,0 @@
-package nu.marginalia.index.query.filter;
-
-import nu.marginalia.array.page.LongQueryBuffer;
-
-import java.util.ArrayList;
-import java.util.List;
-import java.util.StringJoiner;
-
-public class QueryFilterAllOf implements QueryFilterStepIf {
-    private final List<QueryFilterStepIf> steps;
-
-    public QueryFilterAllOf(List<? extends QueryFilterStepIf> steps) {
-        this.steps = new ArrayList<>(steps.size());
-
-        for (var step : steps) {
-            if (step instanceof QueryFilterAllOf allOf) {
-                this.steps.addAll(allOf.steps);
-            }
-            else {
-                this.steps.add(step);
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    public QueryFilterAllOf(QueryFilterStepIf... steps) {
-        this(List.of(steps));
-    }
-
-    public double cost() {
-        double prod = 1.;
-
-        for (var step : steps) {
-            double cost = step.cost();
-            if (cost > 1.0) {
-                prod *= Math.log(cost);
-            }
-            else {
-                prod += cost;
-            }
-        }
-
-        return prod;
-    }
-
-    @Override
-    public boolean test(long value) {
-        for (var step : steps) {
-            if (!step.test(value))
-                return false;
-        }
-        return true;
-    }
-
-
-    public void apply(LongQueryBuffer buffer) {
-        if (steps.isEmpty())
-            return;
-
-        for (var step : steps) {
-            step.apply(buffer);
-        }
-    }
-
-    public String describe() {
-        StringJoiner sj = new StringJoiner(",", "[All Of: ", "]");
-        for (var step : steps) {
-            sj.add(step.describe());
-        }
-        return sj.toString();
-    }
-}